Ludwig Hirschfeld Mack
| Ludwig Hirschfeld Mack | |
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| Born | Ludwig Hirschfeld 11 July 1893 Frankfurt-am-Main |
| Died | 7 January 1965 (aged 71) Allambie Heights, Sydney, Australia. |
| Occupation | Artist, musician, art educator |
| Nationality | German |
| Alma mater | Bauhaus, Weimar |
| Notable works | Desolation, Internment Camp, Hay 1941 |
| Spouse | Elenor Wirth (1917–36) Olive Russell (1955–65) |
Ludwig Hirschfeld Mack (born Frankfurt-am-Main 11 July 1893, died Allambie Heights, in Sydney 7 January 1965) was a German/Australian artist.
His formative education was 1912–1914 at Debschitz art school in Munich. He studied at the Bauhaus from 1919 - 1924 and remained working there until 1926 where, along with Kurt Schwerdtfeger, he further developed the Farblichtspiele ('coloured-light-plays'), which used a projection device to produced moving colours on a transparent screen accompanied by music composed by Hirschfeld Mack. It is now regarded as an early form of multimedia. He was a participant, along with the former Bauhaus master Gertrud Grunow, in "den II. Kongreß für Farbe-Ton-Forschung (Hamburg 1. - 5. Oktober 1930)" (Second Congress for Colour-Sound Research, Hamburg). Music and colour theory remained lifelong interests, informing his art work in a number of media, and it was the inspiration for his well-respected and influential teaching.
Ludwig Hirschfeld Mack was born in Frankfurt am Main where he grew up. He attended the Musterschule, a progressive Frankfurt high school for musically gifted children, which still exists today. He was later taught by Hermann Obrist and Wilhelm von Debschitz in Munich, taking art history with Heinrich Woelfflin and Fritz Burger. During the First World War, Ludwig Hirschfeld Mack was an infantry officer.
Hirschfeld Mack completed a craftsman apprenticeship at his father's leather factory before studying at the Teaching and Experimental Studios for Applied and Free Art under Hermann Obrist and Wilhelm von Debschitz in Munich in 1912. He then enrolled at the University of Munich and attended lectures in art history by Heinrich Wölfflin and Fritz Burger. In 1919 he went to study at the Art Academy in Stuttgart under Adolf Hölzel (colour theory) and Ida Kerkovius, but later the same year enrolled at the Bauhaus, where he studied under Johannes Itten, Paul Klee and Wassily Kandinsky, and was apprenticed to Lyonel Feininger in the print workshop, obtaining a Bauhaus graduate diploma in lithography in 1924. Itten planned to offer a course devoted to colour at the Bauhaus, but as he was sacked before it could be taught Hirschfeld Mack delivered the first dedicated course on colour (as an unofficial course) in the winter semester of 1922-23. He remained at the Bauhaus until 1926 and conducted experiments in light projection, following Kurt Schwerdtfeger in developing the "Farbenlichtspiele" (colour-light play). In 1963, while visiting Europe Hirschfeld was invited by the Bauhaus-Archiv, Darmstadt, Germany, to reconstruct the instrument which was filmed for the archive.
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