Lovas massacre

Lovas killings
Lovas Lovas on the map of Croatia, JNA/Croatian Serb-held areas in late 1991 are highlighted in red
Location	Lovas, Croatia
Date	10–18 October 1991
Target	Croat civilians
Attack type	Mass murder
Deaths	70
Non-fatal injuries	32–33
Perpetrators	SAO SBWS Territorial Defence Forces, the Yugoslav People's Army, Dušan Silni paramilitaries

The Lovas killings (Croatian: masakr u Lovasu,Serbian: zločini u Lovasu, Cyrillic: злочини у Ловасу) involved the killing of 70 Croat civilian residents of the village of Lovas between 10–18 October 1991, during the Croatian War of Independence. The killings took place during and in the immediate aftermath of the occupation of the village by the Yugoslav People's Army (Jugoslovenska Narodna Armija – JNA) supported by Croatian Serb forces and Dušan Silni paramilitaries on 10 October, two days after Croatia declared independence from Yugoslavia. The occupation occurred during the Battle of Vukovar, as the JNA sought to consolidate its control over the area surrounding the city of Vukovar. The killings and abuse of the civilian population continued until 18 October, when troops guarding a group of civilians forced them to walk into a minefield at gunpoint and then opened fire upon them.

After the Croatian Serb forces, the JNA and the paramilitaries established their control in the village, the Croat population was required to wear white armbands and mark their houses using white sheets. The church in Lovas was torched and 261 houses were looted and destroyed, while 1,341 civilians were forced to leave their homes. The bodies of the victims were retrieved from a mass grave and ten individual graves in 1997. Lovas was rebuilt after the war, but its population size shrunk by one third compared to its pre-war level.

The occupation of Lovas and the killing and expulsion of its civilian population was included in the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) indictments of the President of Serbia, Slobodan Milošević, and Goran Hadžić—a high-ranking official of the Croatian Serb-declared wartime breakaway region of SAO Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia. Milošević died before his trial was completed, and as of 2014^[update] Hadžić's trial is ongoing. Serbian authorities tried and convicted a group of four for the killings, but a retrial was ordered following an appeal in 2014. Croatia indicted 17 persons in connection with the killings, although only two were available to the authorities. One of them was acquitted and the other declared unfit to stand trial.