Born in Paris to Hercule Mériadec de Rohan and his wife Anne Geneviève de Lévis, as a member of the House of Rohan, she was entitled to the style of Highness. Her mother was the only child of Madame de Ventadour.

Her siblings included Louise Françoise, Duchess of La Meilleraye (married a grandson of Hortense Mancini and present ancestress of the Prince of Monaco) Jules, Prince of Soubise, Marie Isabelle, Duchess of Tallard, Governess of the Children of France. Her uncle was the Bishop of Strasbourg.

She was baptised with the names Louise Gabrielle Julie on 13 August. She was known as Louise de Rohan. Her uncle was the Bishop of Strasbourg, alleged son of Louis XIV.

Louise de Rohan was engaged to her cousin Hercule Mériadec de Rohan, who was son and heir of Charles III, Prince of Guéméné and Charlotte Élisabeth de Cochefilet. They were married on 4 August 1718 at Jouarre Abbey where her older sister Charlotte Armande was Abbess.

Louise presented her daughter, Charlotte Louise, to Louis XV and the queen, Marie Leszczyńska on 26 October 1737 at Fontainebleau. Two days later Charlotte Louise married the Italian Prince of Masserano. The Prince of Masserano was the Spanish ambassador in London.

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