Louis Nicolas

Louis Nicolas (1634-1682?) was a French missionary in Canada in the late 17th and early 18th century. Born in France, at age of about 30 this Jesuit priest arrived in New France in 1664 and stayed for eleven years. He was fascinated by the wildlife and Native peoples of the New World, and is believed to have been the author of the hand-drawn book known as the Codex canadiensis, which documents these subjects. Louis Nicolas is the confirmed author of the books Histoire Naturelle des Indes Occidentales and the Grammaire algonquine. He returned to France in 1675 and historians believe that he died in 1682.

Louis Nicolas was born on August 15, 1634 in Aubenas, Vivarais, a commune in the Ardèche region of France. At the age of twenty, he joined the Society of Jesus, a male congregation of the Catholic Church. In 1664, he arrived in Canada, where his order was sent to convert the Aboriginal peoples. As he travelled from the western end of Lake Superior to Sept-Îles, and from Trois-Rivières to the South of Lake Ontario, Louis Nicolas’ interest in Aboriginal languages and culture increased. Nonetheless, according to the Relations Jésuites, Nicolas did not always behave accordingly towards the native peoples. In fact, in a memoir by Antoine Alet, secretary to Sulpician superior M. de Queylus, the Jesuit was “described as a quick tempered and rather vain man.”Moreover, his congregation was not pleased with him as he attempted to tame two bear cubs at the Jesuits' residence in Sillery, in the hope of impressing the King. In 1675, Louis Nicolas left Canada and returned to France. As nothing more was heard of him after his departure, the year of his death is unknown.

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