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Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine

Louis IV
Grand Duke Ludwig IV of Hesse-Darmstadt and by Rhine.jpg
Ludwig IV, 1878
Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine
Reign 13 June 1877 – 13 March 1892
Predecessor Louis III
Successor Ernest Louis
Born (1837-09-12)12 September 1837
, Darmstadt, Grand Duchy of Hesse, German Confederation
Died 13 March 1892(1892-03-13) (aged 54)
, Grand Duchy of Hesse, German Empire
Burial Rosenhöhe, Darmstadt, Grand Duchy of Hesse, German Empire
Spouse Princess Alice of the United Kingdom
(m. 1862; d. 1878)

Countess Alexandrina Hutten-Czapska
(m. 1884; annulled 1884)
Issue Victoria Mountbatten, Marchioness of Milford Haven
Elisabeth, Grand Duchess of Russia
Irene, Princess Henry of Prussia
Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine
Prince Friedrich of Hesse and by Rhine
Alix, Empress of Russia
Princess Marie of Hesse and by Rhine
Full name
(German: Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig Karl)
(English: Frederick William Louis Charles)
House Hesse-Darmstadt
Father Prince Charles of Hesse and by Rhine
Mother Princess Elisabeth of Prussia
Religion Lutheranism
Full name
(German: Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig Karl)
(English: Frederick William Louis Charles)
Styles of
Ludwig IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and by the Rhine
Reference style His Royal Highness
Spoken style Your Royal Highness
Alternative style Sir

Louis IV (Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig Karl) (12 September 1837 – 13 March 1892), was the Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine, reigning from 13 June 1877 until his death. Through his own and his children's marriages he was connected to the British Royal Family, to the Imperial House of Russia and to other reigning dynasties of Europe.

Louis was born at the Prinz-Karl-Palais in Darmstadt, the capital of the Grand Duchy of Hesse and by Rhine in the German Confederation, the first son and child of Prince Charles of Hesse and by Rhine (23 April 1809 – 20 March 1877) and Princess Elisabeth of Prussia (18 June 1815 – 21 March 1885), granddaughter of King Frederick William II of Prussia. As his father's elder brother Louis III (1806-1877), the reigning Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine, had been married to his first wife since 1833 without legitimate children and from 1868 was married morganatically, Prince Louis was the likely heir eventual to the grand ducal throne from childhood.

On 1 July 1862, Louis married Princess Alice, the third child of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom, at Osborne House on the Isle of Wight. On the day of the wedding, the Queen issued a royal warrant granting her new son-in-law the style of Royal Highness in the United Kingdom. The Queen also subsequently made Prince Louis a knight of the Order of the Garter.


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