Lithuanian Literary Society

The Lithuanian Literary Society (German: Litauische literarische Gesellschaft) was a literary society dedicated to the Lithuanian language that was active from 1879 to about 1923 in Tilsit, East Prussia (now Sovetsk, Kaliningrad Oblast). It was the first scientific society dedicated to Lithuanian studies. It sought to document, preserve, and study Lithuanian language, folklore, literature, and cultural heritage. Members of the society were mostly non-Lithuanian scholars (linguists and philologists) and conducted its proceedings in German.

It was established on October 14, 1879 in Tilsit by members of the Lithuanian Circle fellowship (Litauisches Kränzschen). Society members published scientific studies on the Lithuanian language and culture, collected and published examples of folklore (songs, fairy tales, etc.), collected samples of folk art and exhibited them in German institutions. From 1880 to 1912, the society published 31 issues of its journal Mitteilungen der Litauischen literarischen Gesellschaft. It also published 11 books. However, the society did not take a more active role in the Lithuanian National Revival: instead of trying to actively encourage and revive Lithuanian culture, it had a more fatalistic outlook and sought to record and preserve samples of what it considered to be a dying cultural heritage. Therefore, Lithuanian activists established their own societies and publications. However, Lithuanians did not establish their own learned society until 1907 when Jonas Basanavičius established the Lithuanian Scientific Society.

In 1905, the society constructed Lithuanian House (Litauer Heimathäuschen/Bauernhaus) in the Jakobsruh Park (Lithuanian: Jokūbynės parkas) in Tilsit. The house, a replica of a typical house of a Western Samogitian peasant, was constructed for a crafts fair. Visitors to the house could witness traditional crafts (weaving, spinning) and taste traditional Lithuanian food. During the fair, which lasted from June to September 1905, the house was visited by 25,000 people. After the fair, the house remained in the park and was converted into an ethnographic museum. After World War I, due to political tensions over the Klaipėda Region (Memelland) between Germany and Lithuania, the house lost its Lithuanian character: it was referred to only as the Village House (Heimathaus) and its exhibits were transferred to the Tilsit Museum of Local History. The building was probably destroyed during World War II (the last known photo is from 1943).

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