Lithium iron phosphate battery
| Specific energy | 90–110 Wh/kg (320–400 J/g or kJ/kg) |
|---|---|
| Energy density | 220 Wh/L (790 kJ/L) |
| Specific power | around 200 W/kg |
| Energy/consumer-price | 3.0–24 Wh/US$ |
| Time durability | > 10 years |
| Cycle durability | 2,000 cycles |
| Nominal cell voltage | 3.2 V |
The lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO
4) battery, also called LFP battery (with "LFP" standing for "lithium ferrophosphate"), is a type of rechargeable battery, specifically a lithium-ion battery, which uses LiFePO
4 as a cathode material. LiFePO
4 batteries have somewhat lower energy density than the more common lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO
2) design found in consumer electronics, but offer longer lifetimes, better power density (the rate that energy can be drawn from them) and are inherently safer. LiFePO
4 is finding a number of roles in vehicle use and backup power.
LiFePO
4 is a natural mineral of the olivine family (triphylite). Its use as a battery electrode which was first described in published literature by John B. Goodenough's research group at the University of Texas in 1996, as a cathode material for rechargeable lithium batteries. Because of its low cost, non-toxicity, the natural abundance of iron, its excellent thermal stability, safety characteristics, electrochemical performance, and specific capacity (170 mA·h/g, or 610 C/g) it gained some market acceptance.
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