List of mammals of Peru

This is a list of the mammal species recorded in Peru. There are 417 mammal species in Peru, of which 5 are critically endangered, 9 are endangered, 32 are vulnerable, and 10 are near threatened.

The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the IUCN:

Some species were assessed using an earlier set of criteria. Species assessed using this system have the following instead of near threatened and least concern categories:

Sirenia is an order of fully aquatic, herbivorous mammals that inhabit rivers, estuaries, coastal marine waters, swamps, and marine wetlands. All four species are endangered.

The armadillos are small mammals with a bony armored shell. They are native to the Americas. There are around 20 extant species.

The order Pilosa is extant only in the Americas and includes the anteaters, sloths, and tamanduas.

The order Primates contains humans and their closest relatives: lemurs, lorisoids, monkeys, and apes.

Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be keep short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45 kg (100 lb).

The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.

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