List of heads of state of France
| Monarchy of France | |
|---|---|
.svg)
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| Details | |
| Style | See article |
| First monarch |
Clovis I (as King) |
| Last monarch |
Napoleon III (as Emperor) |
| Formation | 486 |
| Abolition | 4 September 1870 |
| Residence |
Palais de la Cité Louvre Palace Palace of Versailles Tuileries Palace |
| Appointer | Hereditary |
| Pretender(s) |
Disputed: Louis Alphonse (House of Bourbon) Henri d'Orléans (House of Orléans) Jean-Christophe (House of Bonaparte) |
|
National Convention Convention nationale |
|
|---|---|
| French First Republic | |
Autel de la Convention nationale or
Autel républicain François-Léon Sicard Panthéon de Paris, France, 1913 |
|
| Type | |
| Type | |
| History | |
| Established | 20 September 1792 |
| Disbanded | 2 November 1795 |
| Preceded by | Legislative Assembly |
| Succeeded by |
Directory Executive branch Council of Ancients (upper house) Council of Five Hundred (lower house) |
| Structure | |
| Seats | 749 |
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Political groups
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| Meeting place | |
| Tuileries Palace, Paris | |
This is a list of all French heads of state. It includes the monarchs and the leaders of the Republics.
The monarchs of France ruled from the establishment of Francia in 486 to 1870. The first race, or dynasty of kings, was the Merovingian dynasty, which ruled until 751, followed by the second race, the Carolingian dynasty, until 987 (with some interruptions). The third race, the Capetian dynasty, the male-line descendants of Hugh Capet, ruled France continuously from 987 to 1792 and again from 1814 to 1848. The branches of the dynasty which ruled after 1328, however, are generally given the specific branch names of Valois (until 1589) and Bourbon (until the end of the monarchy).
With the House of Bonaparte and the Bourbon Restoration, additional "Kings of the French" and "Emperors of the French" ruled in 19th century France, between 1814 and 1870.
This article lists all rulers to have held the title "King of the Franks", "King of France", "King of the French" or "Emperor of the French". For other Frankish monarchs, see List of Frankish kings.
In addition to the monarchs listed below, the Kings of England and Great Britain from 1340–60 and 1369–1801 also claimed the title of King of France. For a short time, this had some basis in fact – under the terms of the 1420 Treaty of Troyes, Charles VI had recognized his son-in-law Henry V of England as regent and heir. Henry V predeceased Charles VI and so Henry V's son, Henry VI, succeeded his grandfather Charles VI as King of France. Most of Northern France was under English control until 1435, but by 1453, the English had been expelled from all of France save Calais (and the Channel Islands), and Calais itself fell in 1558. Nevertheless, English and then British monarchs continued to claim the title for themselves until the creation of the United Kingdom in 1801.
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