This is a list of by-elections to the Scottish Parliament, in reverse chronological order. These occur when a constituency seat becomes vacant, due to the death or resignation of a member. Where seats changed political party at the by-election, the result is highlighted: red for a Labour gain, yellow for a Scottish National Party (SNP) gain, blue for a Conservative gain, orange for a Liberal Democrat gain, and grey for any other gain.
There were no by-elections in the 3rd Scottish Parliament term (2007–11).