Linus Carl Pauling

Linus Pauling
Born	Linus Carl Pauling (1901-02-28)February 28, 1901 Portland, Oregon, U.S.
Died	August 19, 1994(1994-08-19) (aged 93) Big Sur, California, U.S.
Residence	United States
Nationality	American
Fields	Quantum chemistry Biochemistry
Institutions	As faculty member Caltech (1927–1963) UC San Diego (1967–1969) Stanford (1969–1975) As fellow Center for the Study of Democratic Institutions (1963–1967)
Alma mater	Oregon State University California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
Thesis	The Determination with X-Rays of the Structures of Crystals (1925)
Doctoral advisor	Roscoe Dickinson Richard Tolman
Other academic advisors	Arnold Sommerfeld Niels Bohr
Doctoral students	Martin Karplus Jerry Donohue Matthew Meselson Edgar Bright Wilson William Lipscomb
Known for	Alpha sheet Beta sheet Bond order Coiled coil CPK coloring Crystal structure prediction Electronegativity Elucidating chemical bonds and molecular structures Ice-type model Linear combination of atomic orbitals Molecular clock Molecular medicine Orbital overlap Pauling's rules Pauling–Corey–Branson alpha helix Quantum chemistry Quantum graph Resonance (chemistry) Space-filling model Valence bond theory Vitamin C megadosage Xenic acid Advocating nuclear disarmament
Notable awards	Irving Langmuir Award (1931) Davy Medal (1947) Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1954) Nobel Peace Prize (1962) Roebling Medal (1967) Lenin Peace Prize (1968–69) National Medal of Science (1974) Lomonosov Gold Medal (1977) NAS Award in Chemical Sciences (1979) Priestley Medal (1984) Vannevar Bush Award (1989)
Signature
Notes
The only person to win two unshared Nobel Prizes.

External video

Linus Pauling, Oregon Experience, Oregon Historical Society

As faculty member

As fellow

Linus Carl Pauling (February 28, 1901 – August 19, 1994) was an American chemist, biochemist, peace activist, author, and educator. He published more than 1,200 papers and books, of which about 850 dealt with scientific topics.New Scientist called him one of the 20 greatest scientists of all time, and as of 2000, he was rated the 16th most important scientist in history. Pauling was one of the founders of the fields of quantum chemistry and molecular biology.

For his scientific work, Pauling was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1954. In 1962, for his peace activism, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. This makes him the only person to be awarded two unshared Nobel Prizes. He is one of only four individuals to have won more than one Nobel Prize (the others being Marie Curie, John Bardeen, and Frederick Sanger). Pauling is also one of only two people to be awarded Nobel Prizes in different fields, the other being Marie Curie. Pauling also worked on DNA's structure, a problem which was solved by James Watson, Francis Crick, Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins.

In his later years he promoted nuclear disarmament, as well as orthomolecular medicine, megavitamin therapy, and dietary supplements. None of the latter have gained acceptance in the mainstream scientific community.