Linopirdine
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| Formula | C26H21N3O |
| Molar mass | 391.465 g/mol |
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Linopirdine is a putative cognition-enhancing drug with a novel mechanism of action. Linopirdine blocks the KCNQ2\3 heteromer M current with an IC50 of 2.4nM disinhibiting acetylcholine release, and increasing hippocampal CA3-schaffer collateral mediated glutamate release onto CA1 pyramidal neurons. In a murine model linopirdine is able to nearly completely reverse the senescence-related decline in cortical c-FOS, an effect which is blocked by atropine and MK-801, suggesting Linopirdine can compensate for the age related decline in acetylcholine release. Linopirdine also blocks homomeric KCNQ1 and KCNQ4 voltage gated potassium channels which contribute to vascular tone with substantially less selectivity than KCNQ2/3.
The synthesis starts with a standard scheme for preparing indoxyls. Thus, acylation of diphenylamine with oxalyl chloride leads to the amide. The acid chloride then cyclizes into the ring on heating to afford (3). Reaction of that product with 4-picoline under phase-transfer conditions catalyzed by a quaternary salt affords the carbinol (4) from addition of the transient anion on the methyl group of the picoline to the more electrophilic carbonyl group. The alcohol is then dehydrated by means of acetic anhydride and the resulting olefin hydrogenated to afford the indolone (5). The 3 position is now activated by the adjacent benzene ring on one side and the carbonyl group on the other. Alkylation with α-chloropicoline proceeds with hydroxide as the base to afford Linopirdine (6).
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