Linguistic purism in Korean

In both North and South Korea, there have been movements to promote linguistic purism in the Korean language. Both movements seek to deter the usage of loanwords, whether already prevalent or not yet introduced to the Korean language. In both North and South Korea, removing the Japanese influenced loanwords (especially from the Japanese forced occupation period, during which time teaching and speaking of Korean was prohibited) has been of primary interest, although the specific policies differ between the North and South.

North Korea is known for its purification of most loanwords, which contributes to a large portion of the North-South differences in language. Unlike South Korea, where hanja has been intermittently used in texts, North Korea abolished the usage of Chinese characters in 1949. Many loanwords with hanja, especially academic words that were introduced during Japanese forced occupation, were refined into native Korean. Some examples include:

In South Korea, the National Institute of the Korean Language maintains an exhaustive list of refined (purified) language.Loanwords are also selected periodically so that a refined version is created and decided on by online voting.

Notably, loanwords from Japanese that were introduced to Korea during the Japanese forced occupation have a political meaning of colonization and are often subject to purification. Some words that were transliterations of Japanese words were refined in 1948:

A recent example is the Korean spicy chicken dish dak-dori-tang, the naming origin of which has been suggested by some as a Japanese-Korean hybrid (dak meaning "chicken" in Korean, whereas dori transcribed from Japanese tori meaning "bird"). The refined word dak-bokkeum-tang (닭볶음탕) has been suggested, with some controversy as the etymology of the middle word dori isn't definitively known.

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