Lincoln Trail Homestead State Memorial

Lincoln Trail Homestead State Memorial
IUCN category Ib (wilderness area)
Map of the U.S. state of Illinois showing the location of Lincoln Trail Homestead State Memorial
Location	Macon County, Illinois, USA
Nearest city	Harristown, Illinois
Coordinates	39°48′10″N 89°06′03″W / 39.80278°N 89.10083°W / 39.80278; -89.10083Coordinates: 39°48′10″N 89°06′03″W / 39.80278°N 89.10083°W / 39.80278; -89.10083
Area	162 acres (66 ha)
Established	1938
Governing body	Illinois Department of Natural Resources

The Lincoln Trail Homestead State Memorial is a 162-acre (66 ha) state park located on the Sangamon River in Macon County near Harristown, Illinois, United States.

The state memorial is believed to contain the site of the homestead, from March 1830 until March 1831, of pioneer Thomas Lincoln and about 12 members of his extended family, including grown son Abraham Lincoln.

The Lincolns moved to this location, west of Decatur, Illinois, from Indiana in March 1830. Using local logs, they constructed a 18-by-18-foot (5.5 m × 5.5 m) log cabin on the site. It was here that Abraham split rails for his father's 10-acre (4.0 ha) field, and also "hired out" to split rails for neighboring pioneer farmers, inspiring his later political nickname, the Rail Splitter. Split-rail fences were used by pioneer farmers to confine their stock, or to prevent free-range livestock from getting into and damaging a crop field.

The settlement was not successful. The Lincoln family's corn crop produced a disappointing yield, partly because it was planted directly in the sod of the tallgrass prairie, and many of the members of the family then developed severe cases of malaria associated with living in the Illinois wetlands. Following this came the winter of 1830–1831, known to pioneers as the Winter of the Deep Snow. It was a particularly harsh winter for the area, with lengthy periods of sub-zero temperatures and snowfall totalling 6 feet (180 cm). The Lincoln clan faced serious hunger. According to one report, "Abraham rode to nearby homes seeking food for his family."

The hard winter and miserable conditions broke up the Lincoln family. In March 1831, Thomas Lincoln and his wife Sarah Bush Lincoln, Abraham's stepmother, moved southeast to Coles County; they eventually built a new farmstead at what is now the Lincoln Log Cabin State Historic Site near Charleston, Illinois. Young Abraham hired out as a flatboatman, on the Sangamon, locating a new home for himself in New Salem, Illinois. See also: Abraham Lincoln's early life and career.