Lilian Vaughan Morgan
| Lilian Vaughan Morgan | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Born | Lilian Vaughan Sampson July 7, 1870 Hallowell, Maine |
| Died | December 6, 1952 (aged 82) Los Angeles, California |
| Other names | Lilian Vaughan Sampson |
| Nationality | American |
| Fields | Genetics |
| Institutions |
Bryn Mawr College Columbia University California Institute of Technology |
| Alma mater | Bryn Mawr (B.S.), Bryn Mawr (M.S.) |
| Known for | Discovery of attached-X chromosomes, discovery of ring chromosomes |
Lilian Vaughan Morgan (née Sampson; July 7, 1870 – December 6, 1952) was an American experimental biologist who made seminal contributions to the genetics of Drosophila melanogaster, which cemented its status as one of the most powerful model systems in biology. In addition to her scientific career, she was involved in science education and was one of the founders of the Children's School of Science in Woods Hole, Massachusetts.
Morgan was born in 1870 in Hallowell, Maine. She was orphaned at the age of three when her parents and younger sister died of tuberculosis. After the death of her parents, she and her older sister Edith were raised by her maternal grandparents in Germantown, Pennsylvania.
Morgan enrolled as an undergraduate student at Bryn Mawr in 1887. She majored in biology and was advised by Martha Carey Thomas. After her graduation with honors in 1891, she spent the summer at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, where Edmund Beecher Wilson, one of her previous zoology professors, introduced her to her future graduate advisor and husband Thomas Hunt Morgan.
In the autumn of 1891, a European fellowship for the best graduate in class enabled Morgan to go to Europe and study the musculature of chitons at the University of Zurich with Arnold Lang, a comparative anatomist and student of Ernst Haeckel. She returned to Bryn Mawr in 1892, where she received her MS in biology in 1894, advised by Thomas Morgan. After graduation, she published her work on the musculature of chitons, returned to Woods Hole as an independent investigator, and spent seven summers investigating breeding, development and embryology in amphibia.
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