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Liebig

Justus von Liebig
Justus von Liebig NIH.jpg
Born (1803-05-12)12 May 1803
Darmstadt, Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt, Holy Roman Empire
Died 18 April 1873(1873-04-18) (aged 69)
Munich, Kingdom of Bavaria, German Empire
Residence Grand Duchy of Hesse, then German Empire
Nationality Hessian, then German
Fields Chemistry
Institutions University of Giessen
University of Munich
Alma mater University of Bonn
University of Erlangen
Doctoral advisor Karl Wilhelm Gottlob Kastner
Doctoral students Carl Schmidt
Nikolay Zinin
Victor Regnault
Carl von Voit
Hermann von Fehling
Hermann Franz Moritz Kopp
August Kekulé
August von Hofmann
Lyon Playfair
Emil Erlenmeyer
Heinrich Ritthausen
Moritz Traube
Adolph Strecker
Wilhelm Henneberg
Other notable students Augustus Voelcker
Julius Eugen Schlossberger
Karl Vogt
Max Joseph von Pettenkofer
Known for Law of the Minimum
Liebig condenser
Notable awards Albert Medal (1869)

Justus Freiherr von Liebig (12 May 1803 – 18 April 1873) was a German chemist who made major contributions to agricultural and biological chemistry, and was considered the founder of organic chemistry. As a professor at the University of Giessen, he devised the modern laboratory-oriented teaching method, and for such innovations, he is regarded one of the greatest chemistry teachers of all time. He has been described as the "father of the fertilizer industry" for his emphasis on nitrogen and trace minerals as essential plant nutrients, and his formulation of the Law of the Minimum which described how plant growth relied on the scarcest nutrient resource (limiting factor), rather than the total amount of resources available. He also developed a manufacturing process for beef extracts, and founded a company, Liebig Extract of Meat Company, that later trademarked the Oxo brand beef bouillon cube. He popularized (though he did not invent) the Liebig Condenser.

Justus von Liebig was born in Darmstadt into the middle-class family of Johann Georg Liebig and Maria Caroline Möser in early May 1803. His father was a drysalter and hardware merchant who compounded and sold paints, varnishes and pigments, which he developed in his own workshop. From childhood Justus was fascinated with chemistry.

At the age of 13, Liebig lived through the year without a summer, when the majority of food crops in the northern hemisphere were destroyed by a volcanic winter. Germany was among the hardest-hit nations in the global famine that ensued, and the experience is said to have shaped Liebig's later work. Thanks in part to Liebig's innovations in fertilizers and agriculture, the 1816 famine became known as "the last great subsistence crisis in the Western world".


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