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Lead azide

Lead(II) azide
Skeletal formula of lead(II) azide
Lead(II) azide (modified beta)
Names
IUPAC name
Diazidolead
Identifiers
3D model (Jmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.033.206
EC Number 236-542-1
PubChem CID
UN number 0129
Properties
Pb(N3)2
Appearance White powder
Density 4.71 g/cm3
Melting point 190 °C (374 °F; 463 K) decomposes, explodes at 350 °C
2.3 g/100 mL (18 °C)
9.0 g/100 mL (70 °C)
Solubility Very soluble in acetic acid
Insoluble in ammonia solution,NH4OH
Thermochemistry
462.3 kJ/mol
Explosive data
Shock sensitivity High
Friction sensitivity High
Detonation velocity 5180 m/s
Hazards
Main hazards Harmful, explosive
GHS pictograms The exploding-bomb pictogram in the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS)The exclamation-mark pictogram in the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS)The health hazard pictogram in the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS)The environment pictogram in the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS)
GHS signal word Danger
H200, H302, H332, H360, H373, H400, H410
Toxic T Harmful Xn Explosive E Dangerous for the Environment (Nature) N
R-phrases R3, R20/22, R33, R50/53, R61, R62, R62
NFPA 704
Flammability code 0: Will not burn. E.g., water Health code 3: Short exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury. E.g., chlorine gas Reactivity code 3: Capable of detonation or explosive decomposition but requires a strong initiating source, must be heated under confinement before initiation, reacts explosively with water, or will detonate if severely shocked. E.g., fluorine Special hazards (white): no codeNFPA 704 four-colored diamond
350 °C (662 °F; 623 K)
Related compounds
Other cations
Potassium azide
Sodium azide
Copper(II) azide
Related compounds
 Hydrazoic acid
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N  (what is YesYN ?)
Infobox references

Lead azide (Pb(N3)2) is an inorganic compound. More so than other azides, Pb(N
3)
2 is explosive. It is used in detonators to initiate secondary explosives. In a commercially usable form, it is a white to buff powder.

Lead azide is prepared by metathesis between sodium azide and lead nitrate. Dextrin can be added to the solution to stabilize the precipitated product. The solid is not very hygroscopic, and water does not reduce its impact sensitivity. It is normally shipped in a dextrinated solution that lowers its sensitivity. When protected from humidity, it is completely stable in storage. An alternative method involves dissolving lead acetate in a sodium azide solution.

Lead azide in its pure form was first prepared by Theodor Curtius in 1891. Due to sensitivity and stability concerns, the dextrinated form of lead azide (MIL-L-3055) was developed in the 1920s and 1930s with large scale production by DuPont Co beginning in 1932. Detonator development during World War II resulted in the need for a form of lead azide with a more brisant output. RD-1333 lead azide (MIL-DTL-46225), a version of lead azide with sodium carboxymethylcellulose as a precipitating agent, was developed to meet that need. The Vietnam War saw an accelerated need for lead azide and it was during this time that Special Purpose Lead Azide (MIL-L-14758) was developed; the US government also began stockpiling lead azide in large quantities. After the Vietnam War, the use of lead azide dramatically decreased. Due to the size of the US stockpile, the manufacture of lead azide in the US ceased completely by the early 1990s. In the 2000s, concerns about the age and stability of stockpiled lead azide led the US government to investigate methods to dispose of its stockpiled lead azide and obtain new manufacturers.


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