Latent heat of vaporization

The enthalpy of vaporization, (symbol ∆H_vap) also known as the (latent) heat of vaporization or heat of evaporation, is the amount of energy (enthalpy) that must be added to the liquid substance, to transform a quantity of that substance into a gas. The enthalpy of vaporization is a function of the pressure at which that transformation takes place.

The enthalpy of vaporization is often quoted for the normal boiling temperature of the substance; although tabulated values are usually corrected to 298 K, that correction is often smaller than the uncertainty in the measured value.

The heat of vaporization is temperature-dependent, though a constant heat of vaporization can be assumed for small temperature ranges and for reduced temperature ${\displaystyle T_{r}}$${\displaystyle \ll 1}$. The heat of vaporization diminishes with increasing temperature and it vanishes completely at a certain point called the critical temperature (${\displaystyle T_{r}=1}$). Above the critical temperature, the liquid and vapor phases are indistinguishable, and the substance is called a supercritical fluid.

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