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LSD-25

Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)
INN: Lysergide
LSD-2D-skeletal-formula-and-3D-models.png
2D structural formula and 3D models of LSD
Clinical data
Pronunciation /daɪ eθəl ˈæmaɪd/, /æmɪd/, or /eɪmaɪd/)
AHFS/Drugs.com Reference
Pregnancy
category
  • US: C (Risk not ruled out)
Dependence
liability
Low
Addiction
liability
None
Routes of
administration
Oral, sublingual, intravenous, ocular, intramuscular
Drug class Psychedelic; Serotonergic psychedelic
ATC code
  • None
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability 71%
Protein binding Unknown
Metabolism Hepatic ()
Metabolites 2-Oxo-3-hydroxy-LSD
Onset of action 30–40 minutes
Biological half-life 3.6 hours
Duration of action 8–12 hours
Excretion Renal
Identifiers
Synonyms Lyserg-säure-diäthylamid; LSD; LSD-25; Lysergide; Acid; Delysid
CAS Number
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
ChEBI
ChEMBL
PDB ligand
ECHA InfoCard 100.000.031
Chemical and physical data
Formula C20H25N3O
Molar mass 323.44 g·mol−1
3D model (Jmol)
Melting point 80 to 85 °C (176 to 185 °F)
  

Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), also known as acid, is a psychedelic drug known for its psychological effects. This may include altered awareness of the surroundings, perceptions, and feelings as well as sensations and images that seem real though they are not. It is used mainly as a recreational drug and for spiritual reasons. LSD is typically either swallowed or held under the tongue. It is often sold on blotter paper, a sugar cube, or gelatin. It can also be injected.

LSD is not addictive. However, adverse psychiatric reactions such as anxiety, paranoia, and delusions are possible. LSD is in the ergoline family. LSD is sensitive to oxygen, ultraviolet light, and chlorine, though it may last for years if it is stored away from light and moisture at low temperature. In pure form it is odorless and clear or white in color. As little as 20–30 micrograms can produce an effect.

LSD was first made by Albert Hofmann in Switzerland in 1938 from ergotamine, a chemical from the fungus ergot. The laboratory name for the compound was the acronym for the German "Lyserg-säure-diäthylamid", followed by a sequential number: LSD-25. Hofmann discovered its psychedelic properties in 1943. LSD was introduced as a commercial medication under the trade-name Delysid for various psychiatric uses in 1947. In the 1950s, officials at the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) thought the drug might be useful for mind control and chemical warfare and tested the drug on young servicemen and students, and others without their knowledge. The subsequent recreational use by youth culture in the Western world as part of 1960s counterculture resulted in its prohibition.


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