Kyrgyz SSR
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Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic
(1936-90)
Republic of Kirghizia
(1990-93)
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Soviet Socialist Republic (1936-91) De facto sovereign entity (1990–91) Sovereign state (1991-93) |
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Motto Бардык өлкөлөрдүн пролетарлары, бириккиле! (Kyrgyz) Bardıq ölkölördün proletarları, birikkile! (transliteration) "Workers of all nations, unite!" |
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Anthem Кыргыз Советтик Социалисттик Республикасы Мамлекеттик Гимни Kyrgyz Sovettik Sotsialisttik Respublikasy Mamlekettik Gimni "Anthem of the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic" (1946-1992) Кыргыз Республикасынын Мамлекеттик Гимни Kyrgyz Respublikasynyn Mamlekettik Gimni National Anthem of the Kyrgyz Republic (1992-1993) |
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 Location of Kirghizia (red) within the Soviet Union.
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| Capital | Frunze (Bishkek from 1992) | |||||||||
| Languages |
Official languages: Kirghiz · Russian Minority languages: Uzbek |
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| Demonym |
Kirghiz Soviet |
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| Government |
Unitary Marxist-Leninist one-party soviet republic (1936-1990) Unitary presidential republic (1990-1993) |
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| Chairmen of the Presidium / President | ||||||||||
| • | 1936–1937 | Abdukadyr Urazbekov | ||||||||
| • | 1990–1993 | Askar Akayev | ||||||||
| Chairmen of the Council | ||||||||||
| • | 1936–1937 | Bayaly Isakeyev | ||||||||
| • | 1986–1991 | Apas Jumagulov | ||||||||
| History | ||||||||||
| • | Kara-Kirghiz Autonomous Oblast formed | 14 October 1924 | ||||||||
| • | Elevation to an Union Republic | 5 December 1936 | ||||||||
| • | Osh riots | June 1990 | ||||||||
| • | Sovereignty declared | 30 December 1990 | ||||||||
| • | Independence declared | 31 August 1991 | ||||||||
| • | Independence recognized | 26 December 1991 | ||||||||
| • | New constitution | 5 May 1993 | ||||||||
| Area | ||||||||||
| • | 1989 | 198,500 km² (76,641 sq mi) | ||||||||
| Population | ||||||||||
| • | 1989 est. | 4,257,800 | ||||||||
| Density | 21.4 /km² (55.6 /sq mi) | |||||||||
| Currency | Soviet ruble (руб) (SUR) (1936-93) | |||||||||
| Calling code | +7 319/331/332/334/335 | |||||||||
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| Today part of |
 Kyrgyzstan
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Kirghizia, officially the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic (Kirghiz SSR; Kyrgyz: Кыргыз Советтик Социалисттик Республикасы Kyrgyz Sovettik Sotsialisttik Respublikasy; Russian: Киргизская Советская Социалистическая Республика Kirgizskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika) and the Republic of Kirghizia, also referred to as Soviet Kirghizia, was one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union (USSR) from 1936 to 1990, a sovereign entity from 1990 to 1991 and an independent state from 1991 to 1993.
Landlocked and mountainous, it bordered the Tajikistan and China to the south, Uzbekistan to the west and Kazakhstan to the north. The Kirghiz branch of the Soviet Communist Party governed the republic from 1936 until 1990.
On 15 December 1990, the Kirghiz SSR was renamed to Socialist Republic of Kirghizia after declaring its state sovereignty. On 31 August 1991, it transformed into independent Kyrgyzstan. The state ceased to exist upon the adoption of the new constitution on 5 May 1993.
The name "" is believed to have been derived from the Turkic word for "forty", in reference to the forty clans of Manas, a legendary hero who united forty regional clans against the Uyghurs. The name "Kyrgyz" or "Kirghiz" means "Land of the forty tribes", combined from three words: kyrg (kırk) meaning "forty", yz (uz) meaning "tribes" in East-Turkic, and -stan meaning "land" in Persian. Politically, the name of the republic was the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic as stated in the 1937 and 1978 Constitutions of the Kirghiz SSR.
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