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Kumul Uprising

Kumul Rebellion
Part of Xinjiang Wars
Date 4 April 1931–1934
Location Sinkiang, China
Result Stalemate; leading to more fighting in the Xinjiang Wars
Belligerents

Republic of China (1912–1949) China
Ma clique

Kumul Khanate loyalists

Republic of China (1912–1949) Sinkiang government

Russian Empire White Russian forces
 Soviet Union

First East Turkestan Republic East Turkestan

Supported by
Ottoman Empire Anti-Kemalist Young Turks
Empire of Japan Japan
Commanders and leaders

Republic of China (1912–1949) Ma Zhongying
Republic of China (1912–1949) Ma Hushan
Republic of China (1912–1949) Ma Zhancang
Republic of China (1912–1949) Zhang Peiyuan (1934)
Republic of China (1912–1949) Huang Shaohong
Yulbars Khan
Khoja Niyas Hajji (1931–1933)

Kamal Kaya Efendi (secret Soviet agent)

Republic of China (1912–1949) Jin Shuren
Republic of China (1912–1949) Zhang Peiyuan (1931–1933)
Republic of China (1912–1949) Sheng Shicai
Republic of China (1912–1949) Khoja Niyas Hajji (1934)
Russian Empire Pavel Pappengut
Republic of China (1912–1949) Ma Shaowu (Anti Russian)

Soviet Union Joseph Stalin

First East Turkestan Republic Muhammad Amin Bughra
First East Turkestan Republic Abdullah Bughra †
First East Turkestan Republic Nur Ahmad Jan Bughra †
First East Turkestan Republic Osman Ali
First East Turkestan Republic Tawfiq Bey
First East Turkestan Republic Sabit Damulla Abdulbaki
First East Turkestan Republic Isa Yusif Alptekin
Ottoman Empire Mustafa Ali Bay
Ottoman Empire Muhsin Çapanolu

Ottoman Empire Mahmud Nadim Bay
Strength

Flag of the Republic of China Army.svg 36th Division around 10,000 Chinese Muslim cavalry and infantry
15,000 Chinese New Guangxi Clique expeditionary force (never deployed)

Kumulik Uyghur peasant Army (Kumul Khanate loyalists)		 Several thousand White Russian soldiers and Provincial Chinese troops, Some Chinese Muslim troops Thousands of Turkic Khotanlik Uyghur and Kirghiz Rebels
Afghan volunteers
Casualties and losses
unknown Thousands dead Thousands dead

Republic of China (1912–1949) China
Ma clique

Republic of China (1912–1949) Sinkiang government

First East Turkestan Republic East Turkestan


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