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Kumul Rebellion

Kumul Rebellion
Part of Xinjiang Wars
Date 1931–1934
Location Xinjiang
Result Stalemate; leading to more fighting in the Xinjiang Wars
Belligerents

Republic of China (1912–49) Republic of China
Republic of China (1912–49) National Revolutionary Army

Kumul Khanate loyalists

Republic of China (1912–49) Xinjiang provincial government

Russian Empire White Russian forces
Soviet Union Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

First East Turkestan Republic First East Turkestan Republic

Supported by:
Flag of Afghanistan (1931–1973).svg Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
Ottoman Empire Anti-Kemalist Young Turks
Empire of Japan Empire of Japan
Commanders and leaders

Republic of China (1912–49) Chiang Kai-shek
Republic of China (1912–49) Ma Zhongying
Republic of China (1912–49) Ma Hushan
Republic of China (1912–49) Ma Zhancang
Republic of China (1912–49) Zhang Peiyuan (1934)
Republic of China (1912–49) Huang Shaohong
Yulbars Khan
Khoja Niyas Hajji (1931–1933)

Kamal Kaya Efendi (secret Soviet agent)

Republic of China (1912–49) Jin Shuren
Republic of China (1912–49) Zhang Peiyuan (1931–1933)
Republic of China (1912–49) Sheng Shicai
Republic of China (1912–49) Khoja Niyas Hajji (1934)
Russian Empire Pavel Pappengut
Republic of China (1912–49) Ma Shaowu (Anti Russian)

Soviet Union Joseph Stalin

First East Turkestan Republic Muhammad Amin Bughra
First East Turkestan Republic Abdullah Bughra 
First East Turkestan Republic Nur Ahmad Jan Bughra 
First East Turkestan Republic Osman Ali
First East Turkestan Republic Tawfiq Bey
First East Turkestan Republic Sabit Damulla Abdulbaki
First East Turkestan Republic Isa Yusif Alptekin
Ottoman Empire Mustafa Ali Bay
Ottoman Empire Muhsin Çapanolu

Ottoman Empire Mahmud Nadim Bay
Strength

Flag of the Republic of China Army.svg 36th Division (National Revolutionary Army) around 10,000 Chinese Muslim cavalry and infantry
15,000 Chinese New Guangxi Clique expeditionary force (never deployed)

Kumulik Uyghur peasant Army (Kumul Khanate loyalists)
Several thousand White Russian soldiers and Provincial Chinese troops, Some Chinese Muslim troops Thousands of Turkic Khotanlik Uyghur and Kirghiz Rebels
Afghan volunteers
Casualties and losses
unknown Thousands dead Thousands dead

Republic of China (1912–49) Republic of China
Republic of China (1912–49) National Revolutionary Army

Republic of China (1912–49) Xinjiang provincial government

First East Turkestan Republic First East Turkestan Republic


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