Kumara Kassapa

Kumara Kassapa ကုမာရ ကဿပ
King of Pagan
Reign	c. 25 January 1301 – 6 April 1301
Predecessor	Saw Hnit
Successor	Saw Hnit
Born	c. 1280 Dala (Twante)
Died	Yunnan?
House	Pagan
Father	Kyawswa
Mother	Pwa Saw of Thitmahti
Religion	Theravada Buddhism

Kumara Kassapa or Kumara Kathapa (Burmese: ကုမာရ ကဿပ, pronounced [kṵməɹa̰ kaʔθəpa̰]) was the Mongol-installed King of Pagan, who reigned for ten weeks in 1301. The second son of King Kyawswa of Pagan sought Mongol intervention after his father was overthrown by the Myinsaing brothers in 1297. Declared the rightful king of Burma by Emperor Temür Khan in 1300, Kumara Kassapa returned to Pagan (Bagan) with a Mongol invasion force in 1301, only to retreat after the Mongol general staff accepted a bribe.

Kumara Kassapa was born to Princess Saw of Thitmahti and Prince Kyawswa, Viceroy of Dala (modern Twante), during the last days of the Pagan Empire. According to contemporary inscriptions, he had one full elder brother Theingapati. He grew up in the south but in 1289, two years after the fall of the Pagan Empire, he moved to the capital Pagan (Bagan). His father had been handpicked by the dowager queen Pwa Saw to succeed his grandfather King Narathihapate, who was assassinated two years earlier.

At Pagan, his father presided over a greatly shrunken kingdom; his control barely extended outside the capital. In the following years, his authority was increasingly challenged by the three brothers of Myinsaing who led the defense of the Irrawaddy valley against the Mongol invaders in 1283–87. Kyawswa sought Mongol vassalage with the hope of getting their protection, and officially became a Mongol vassal on 20 March 1297. Kyawswa was subsequently removed from power nine months later by the Myinsaing brothers. About a year and a half later, on 10 May 1299, the Myinsaing brothers executed Kyawswa and Theingapati.

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