Kremlin

A kremlin (Russian: кремль, tr. kreml; IPA: [ˈkrʲemlʲ], castle; same root as in kremen (Russian: кремень, tr. kremen; IPA: [krʲɪˈmʲenʲ], flint)) is a major fortified central complex found in historic Russian cities. This word is often used to refer to the most famous, the Moscow Kremlin, or metonymically to the government that is based there.

After the disintegrations of the Kievan Rus, the Russian Empire and the USSR, some fortresses considered Kremlin-type, remained beyond the borders of modern Russia. Some are listed below:

The same structure in Ukraine is called dytynets (Ukrainian: дитинець, from dytyna - child). The term has been in use since the 11th century. The term Kremlin first appeared in 14th century in Russian territories, where it replaced dytynets.

Many Russian monasteries have been built in a fortress-like style similar to that of a kremlin. For a partial list, see Monasteries in Russia.

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