Konstantin Päts
| Konstantin Päts | |
|---|---|
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| 1st President of Estonia | |
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In office 24 April 1938 – 23 July 1940 |
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| Prime Minister |
Kaarel Eenpalu as Acting Prime Minister Kaarel Eenpalu Jüri Uluots Johannes Vares |
| Succeeded by |
Jüri Uluots as Prime Minister in duties of the President in Exile Lennart Meri as President after restoration of independence Johannes Vares as Prime Minister in duties of the President under USSR occupation |
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Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Provisional Government of Estonia |
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In office 24 February 1918 – 12 November 1918 |
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| Preceded by | Independence declared, position established |
| Succeeded by | himself as Prime Minister of the Provisional Government |
| Prime Minister of the Provisional Government of Estonia | |
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In office 12 November 1918 – 8 May 1919 |
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| Preceded by | himself as Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Provisional Government |
| Succeeded by |
Otto August Strandmann as Prime Minister |
| 2nd, 4th, 11th, 14th and 16th State Elder of Estonia |
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In office 25 January 1921 – 21 November 1922 |
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| Preceded by | Ants Piip |
| Succeeded by | Juhan Kukk |
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In office 2 August 1923 – 26 March 1924 |
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| Preceded by | Juhan Kukk |
| Succeeded by | Friedrich Karl Akel |
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In office 12 February 1931 – 19 February 1932 |
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| Preceded by | Otto August Strandmann |
| Succeeded by | Jaan Teemant |
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In office 1 November 1932 – 18 May 1933 |
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| Preceded by | Karl August Einbund |
| Succeeded by | Jaan Tõnisson |
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In office 21 October 1933 – 24 January 1934 |
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| Preceded by | Jaan Tõnisson |
| Succeeded by | himself as Prime Minister in duties of the State Elder |
| 6th Prime Minister of Estonia, in duties of the State Elder of Estonia |
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In office 24 January 1934 – 3 September 1937 |
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| Preceded by | himself as State Elder |
| Succeeded by | himself as President-Regent |
| President-Regent of Estonia | |
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In office 3 September 1937 – 9 May 1938 |
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| Preceded by | himself as Prime Minister in duties of the State Elder |
| Succeeded by | himself as President Kaarel Eenpalu as Prime Minister |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
23 February 1874 Tahkuranna Parish, Governorate of Livonia, Russian Empire |
| Died | 18 January 1956 (aged 81) Burashevo, Kalininsky District, Kalinin Oblast, Russian SFSR, USSR |
| Resting place | Tallinn, Estonia |
| Nationality | Estonian |
| Political party |
Country People's Union (1917–1920) Farmers' Assemblies (1920–1932) Union of Settlers and Smallholders (1932–1935) |
| Spouse(s) | Wilhelmine ("Helma") Ida Emilie Päts |
| Children | Leo Viktor |
| Alma mater | University of Tartu |
| Profession | Lawyer, newspaper editor, politician, businessman |
| Religion | Eastern Orthodoxy |
Konstantin Päts (Estonian pronunciation: [ˈkonsˈtɑnʲˑˈtinˑ ˈpætʲsˑ]; 23 February [O.S. 11 February] 1874 – 18 January 1956) was the most influential politician of interwar Estonia, and served five times as the country's head of state. He was one of the first Estonians to become active in politics and started an almost 40-year political rivalry with Jaan Tõnisson, first through journalism with his newspaper Teataja, later through politics. He was condemned to death during the 1905 Revolution, but managed to flee first to Switzerland, then to Finland, where he continued his literary work. He returned to Estonia, but had to spend time in prison in 1910–1911.
In 1917, Päts headed the Provincial Government of the Autonomous Governorate of Estonia, but was forced to go underground after the October Revolution. On 19 February 1918, Päts became one of the three members of the Estonian Salvation Committee that issued the Estonian Declaration of Independence on 24 February. Konstantin Päts headed the Estonian Provisional Government (1918–1919), although he was imprisoned during the second half of the German Occupation. In the Provisional Government, Päts also served as Minister of Internal Affairs (1918) and Minister of War (1918–1919) that left him organizing Estonian troops for the War of Independence.
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