Kodungallur
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Kodungallur കൊടുങ്ങല്ലൂര് |
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| Municipal town | |
Dutch East India Company ships in Kodungallur (1708)
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| Nickname(s): Muziris | |
 Kodungallur
 Kodungallur
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| Coordinates: 10°14′02″N 76°11′41″E / 10.233761°N 76.194634°ECoordinates: 10°14′02″N 76°11′41″E / 10.233761°N 76.194634°E | |
| Country | India |
| State | Kerala |
| District | Thrissur |
| Government | |
| • Body | Kodungallur Municipality |
| Area | |
| • Total | 40.62 km2 (15.68 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 9 m (30 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
| • Total | 94,883 |
| • Density | 2,300/km2 (6,000/sq mi) |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Malayalam · English |
| • Spoken languages | Malayalam |
| Time zone | IST (UTC+5:30) |
| PIN | 680664 |
| Telephone code | 0480 |
| Vehicle registration | KL-8 / KL 47 |
Kodungallur (anglicised name: Cranganore), is a municipality in the South Western border of Thrissur district of Kerala, India. Kodungallur is 29 kilometres (18 mi) northwest of Kochi and 38 kilometres (24 mi) southwest of Thrissur, by National Highway 66 (formerly known as NH 17). The City is specially important in the history of South Asia.
It is postulated that the ancient city of Muziris( Muchiripattinam,Mahodayapuram/Vanchi) was devastated by natural calamities—a flood or an earth quake—in 1341, and consequently lost its commercial importance thereafter. Further, it came under military attacks on various occasions: in 1504 by the Portuguese-Kochi allied forces during their movement against Calicut in 1524, by the Mappilas during their attack against the Portuguese, and in 1565 again by the Portuguese.
The name Kodungallur is derived from Kodi-linga-ur ("the land of 10 million Sivalingas ur-village") according to common belief. Kodungallur was perhaps the revenue collection center of Kuda-kons (the Chera rulers) for the goods coming to the nearby port, hence the name Kudakonallur, which later shortened to Kodungallur.
Historically, Kodungallur has been identified as Mahodaya Puram, Mahavanchimana Pattanam, Thrikulasekarapuram, Jangli, Gingaleh, Cyngilin, Shinkali, Chinkli, Jinkali, Shenkala, and Cynkali, which are all derived from the name of the River Changala (or the Chain river, i.e., Shrinkhala in Sanskrit), a tributary of Periyar.Columguria, Kotilingapuram, Kudalingapuram, Kodunkaliyur, Thiruvallur, Ravivisvapuram and Balakreetapuram are a few other names, identified as Kodungallur in various related records or literary works.
Kodungallur was an integral part of Mahodayapuram, the capital city of the Later Chera dynasty.
The Roman empire had a continuous trading connection with this region. Along with pepper, commodities such as pearls, muslin, ivory, diamond, silk and perfumes were exported using the maritime facilities of Kodungallur. Sulaiman, an Arab visitor to Mahodayapuram during this period, recorded the economic prosperity of the region and also testified to the high morals kept by its people. Also, he describes the Chinese traders in the city; they are described as purchasing articles such as pepper, cinnamon, ivory, pearls, cotton fabrics and teak wood, while selling fishing nets, silk and porcelain goods.
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Wikipedia