Kitos War
or Second Judean-Roman War |
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Part of the Jewish–Roman wars | |||||||||
The Roman Empire after 120 CE |
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Belligerents | |||||||||
Roman Empire | Jewish/Judean zealots | ||||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
Emperor Trajan |
Lukuas (Andreas); Artemio; Julian and Pappus |
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Casualties and losses | |||||||||
Massive civilian casualties with some areas utterly annihilated, 460,000+ Roman citizens (largely Roman Greeks) killed in Cyrene and Cyprus alone and unknown numbers in Aegyptus, Libya and the rest of the Eastern Mediterranean | Jewish communities of Cyprus, Cyrene and possibly others completely depopulated and permanently expelled to the eastern edges of the Empire (mainly Judea) |
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Emperor Trajan
Marcius Turbo
The Kitos War (115–117) (Hebrew: מרד הגלויות: mered ha'galuyot or mered ha'tfutzot (מרד התפוצות); translation: rebellion of the diaspora. Latin: Tumultus Iudaicus) occurred during the period of the Jewish–Roman wars, 66–136. While the majority of the Roman armies were fighting Trajan's Parthian War on the eastern border of the Roman Empire, major uprisings by ethnic Judeans in Cyrenaica, Cyprus and Egypt spiraled out of control, resulting in a widespread slaughter of left behind Roman garrisons and Roman citizens by Jewish rebels. Some of the areas with the heaviest massacres were left so utterly annihilated that others were made to settle these areas to prevent the absence of any remaining presence. The rebellions were finally crushed by Roman legionary forces, chiefly by the Roman general Lusius Quietus, whose nomen later gave the conflict its title, as "Kitos" is a later corruption of Quietus.