Kingdom of Luzon

Maynila
ᜊᜌᜈ᜔ ᜅ᜔ ᜋᜌ᜔ᜈᜒᜎ Bayan ng Maynila
"Bayan" large independent coastal polity consisting of several barangays
c. 1258–1571
A late 16th century map of Manila.
Capital		Area now occupied by Fort Santiago
Languages		Old Tagalog, Old Malay
Religion		Indigenous Tagalog religion, Sunni Islam
Government		"Bayan" led by a paramount leader called a Rajah, consisting of several Barangay social groups led by a Datu
Historical era		Pre-colonial Philippine history
•	Establishment as a Muslim principality by Rajah Ahmad, defeating Rajah Avirjirkaya (earliest legendary reference)	c. 1258
•	Establishment as a Muslim principality by Sultan Bulkeian (alternative legend)	c. 1500
•	Death of Rajah Salalila and territorial conflicts with Tondo	c. before 1521
•	Capture and release of Prince Ache (Rajah Matanda) by the Elcano (Magellan) expedition	1521
•	Attacked and burned down by Martin de Goiti	1570
•	Annexation by Spain on June 24, 1571 by Miguel López de Legazpi	1571
Succeeded by New Spain Spanish East Indies Manila (province)
Today part of		Philippines

In early Philippine history, the Tagalog Bayan ("country" or "polity") of Maynila (Filipino: Bayan ng Maynila; Baybayin: ᜊᜌᜈ᜔ ᜅ᜔ ᜋᜌ᜔ᜈᜒᜎ;Kapampangan: Balen ning Maynila) was a major trade hub located on the southern part of the Pasig River delta, where the modern day district of Intramuros currently stands.

Historical texts indicate that it was led by paramount rulers who used the title "Rajah", but the introduction of hispanized literary forms have led to it sometimes being mislabeled as the "Kingdom of Maynila". Some early historic texts also refer to it as the "Kingdom of Luzon", although scholarship suggests that the latter term might actually refer to the Manila Bay region as a whole, rather than just Maynila.

The earliest oral traditions suggest that Maynila was founded as a Muslim principality as early as the 1250s, supplanting an even older pre-Muslim settlement. However, the earliest archeological evidence for organized human settlements in the area dates to around 1500. By the 16th century, it had become an important trading center, with extensive political ties with the Sultanate of Brunei and extensive trade relations with Ming dynasty. Together with Tondo, the polity (bayan) on the northern part of the Pasig River delta, it established a shared monopoly on the trade of Chinese goods.

Maynila and Luzon are sometimes associated with the Bruneian legends which describe a settlement called "Seludong", but Southeast Asian scholars believe this refers to a settlement Mount Selurong in Indonesia. For political reasons, the historical rulers of Maynila maintained close cognatic ties through intermarriage with the ruling houses of the Sultanate of Brunei, but Brunei's political influence over Maynila is not considered to have extended to military or political rule. Intermarriage was a common strategy for large thassalocratic states such as Brunei to extend their influence, and for local rulers such as those of Maynila to help strengthen their family claims to nobility. Actual political and military rule over the large distances characteristic of Maritime Southeast Asia was not possible until relatively modern times.