Kingdom of Libya
| Kingdom of Libya | ||||||||||||||
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المملكة الليبية Al-Mamlakah Al-Lībiyya Regno di Libia |
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Anthem Libya, Libya, Libya |
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| Capital | Tripoli / Benghazi / Baydaa | |||||||||||||
| Languages |
Arabic Berber Italian |
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| Religion | Islam | |||||||||||||
| Government | Constitutional monarchy | |||||||||||||
| King | ||||||||||||||
| • | 1951–1969 | Idris I | ||||||||||||
| Crown Prince Regent | ||||||||||||||
| • | 1962 | Hasan | ||||||||||||
| Prime Minister | ||||||||||||||
| • | 1951–1954 | Mahmud al-Muntasir | ||||||||||||
| • | 1965–1967 | Hussein Maziq | ||||||||||||
| • | 1968–1969 | Wanis al-Qaddafi | ||||||||||||
| Legislature | Parliament | |||||||||||||
| • | Upper house | Senate | ||||||||||||
| • | Lower house | House of Representatives | ||||||||||||
| History | ||||||||||||||
| • | Independence | 24 December 1951 | ||||||||||||
| • | Coup d'état | 1 September 1969 | ||||||||||||
| Area | ||||||||||||||
| • | 1954 | 1,759,530 km² (679,358 sq mi) | ||||||||||||
| Population | ||||||||||||||
| • | 1954 est. | 1,091,830 | ||||||||||||
| Density | 0.6 /km² (1.6 /sq mi) | |||||||||||||
| Currency | Libyan pound | |||||||||||||
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| a. | The Kingdom had two capitals. | |||||||||||||
| King of Libya | |
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Idris I
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| Details | |
| First monarch | Idris I |
| Last monarch | Idris I |
| Formation | 24 December 1951 |
| Abolition | 1 September 1969 |
| Residence | Royal Palace |
| Appointer | Hereditary |
| Pretender(s) | Mohammed El Senussi |
The Kingdom of Libya (Arabic: المملكة الليبية; Libyan Kingdom; Italian: Regno di Libia), originally called the United Kingdom of Libya, came into existence upon independence on 24 December 1951 and lasted until a coup d'état led by Muammar Gaddafi on 1 September 1969 overthrew King Idris of Libya and established the Libyan Arab Republic.
Under the constitution of October 1951, the federal monarchy of Libya was headed by King Idris as chief of state, with succession to his designated heirs. Substantial political power resided with the king. The executive arm of the government consisted of a prime minister and Council of Ministers designated by the king but also responsible to the Chamber of Deputies, the lower house of a bicameral legislature. The Senate, or upper house, consisted of eight representatives from each of the three provinces. Half of the senators were nominated by the king, who also had the right to veto legislation and to dissolve the lower house. Local autonomy in the provinces was exercised through provincial governments and legislatures. Tripoli and Benghazi served alternately as the national capital.
Several factors, rooted in Libya's history, affected the political development of the newly independent country. They reflected the differing political orientations of the provinces and the ambiguities inherent in Libya's monarchy. First, after the first Libyan general election, 1952, which were held on 19 February, political parties were abolished. The National Congress Party, which had campaigned against a federal form of government, was defeated throughout the country. The party was outlawed, and Bashir es Sadawi was deported. Second, provincial ties continued to be more important than national ones, and the federal and provincial governments were constantly in dispute over their respective spheres of authority. A third problem derived from the lack of a direct heir to the throne. To remedy this situation, Idris in 1953 designated his sixty-year-old brother to succeed him. When the original heir apparent died, the king appointed his nephew, Prince Hasan ar Rida, his successor.
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Wikipedia