Kinetin

Kinetin

Names
IUPAC name N6-furfuryladenine
Identifiers
CAS Number	525-79-1 Y
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive image
ChEBI	CHEBI:27407 N
ChemSpider	3698= N
ECHA InfoCard	100.007.622
EC Number	208-382-2
KEGG	C08272 N
PubChem CID	3830
RTECS number	AU6270000
UNII	P39Y9652YJ Y
InChI InChI=1S/C10H9N5O/c1-2-7(16-3-1)4-11-9-8-10(13-5-12-8)15-6-14-9/h1-3,5-6H,4H2,(H2,11,12,13,14,15) N Key: QANMHLXAZMSUEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N
SMILES C(Nc1ncnc2nc[nH]c12)c1ccco1
Properties
Chemical formula	C10H9N5O
Molar mass	215.22 g·mol−1
Appearance	Off-white amorphous powder
Melting point	269–271 °C (516–520 °F; 542–544 K) (decomposes)
Structure
Crystal structure	cubic
Hazards
S-phrases	S22 S24/25
Related compounds
Related	cytokinin
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N  (what is YN ?)
Infobox references

Kinetin (/'kaɪnɪtɪn/) is a type of cytokinin, a class of plant hormone that promotes cell division. Kinetin was originally isolated by Miller and Skoog et al. as a compound from autoclaved herring sperm DNA that had cell division-promoting activity. It was given the name kinetin because of its ability to induce cell division, provided that auxin was present in the medium. Kinetin is often used in plant tissue culture for inducing formation of callus (in conjunction with auxin) and to regenerate shoot tissues from callus (with lower auxin concentration).

For a long time, it was believed that kinetin was an artifact produced from the deoxyadenosine residues in DNA, which degrade on standing for long periods or when heated during the isolation procedure. Therefore, it was thought that kinetin does not occur naturally, but, since 1996, it has been shown by several researchers that kinetin exists naturally in the DNA of cells of almost all organisms tested so far, including human and various plants. The mechanism of production of kinetin in DNA is thought to be via the production of furfural — an oxidative damage product of deoxyribose sugar in DNA — and its quenching by the adenine base's converting it into N6-furfuryladenine, kinetin.

Kinetin is also widely used in producing new plants from tissue cultures.

In 1939 P. A. C. Nobécourt (Paris) began the first permanent callus culture from root explants of carrot (Daucus carota). Such a culture can be kept forever by successive transplantations onto fresh nutrient agar. The transplantations occur every three to eight weeks. Callus cultures are not cell cultures, since whole tissue associations are cultivated. Though many cells keep their ability to divide, this is not true for all. One reason for this is the aneuploidy of the nuclei and the resultant unfavourable chromosome constellations.