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Kim Jong-Il

Kim Jong-il
김정일
Kim Jong il Portrait.jpg
General Secretary of the
Workers' Party of Korea
In office
8 October 1997 – 17 December 2011
Eternal General Secretary since 11 April 2012
Eternal leader since 7 May 2016
Preceded by Kim Il-sung
Succeeded by Kim Jong-un (as First Secretary)
Chairman of the Central Military Commission of the Workers' Party of Korea
In office
8 October 1997 – 17 December 2011
Deputy Kim Jong-un
Ri Yong-ho
Preceded by Kim Il-sung
Succeeded by Kim Jong-un
Chairman of the
National Defence Commission
In office
9 April 1993 – 17 December 2011
Eternal Chairman since 13 April 2012
Preceded by Kim Il-sung
Succeeded by Kim Jong-un
Deputy to the
7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th and 12th Supreme People's Assembly
In office
5 April 1982 – 17 December 2011
Constituency Songrim (1982-1986), Ryongsong (1986-1990), 575th (1990–1998), 666th (1998–2003), 649th (2003–2009), 333rd (2009–2011)
Head of the Organization and Guidance Department of the Workers' Party of Korea
In office
February 1974 – 17 December 2011
Leader Kim Il-sung
Preceded by Kim Yong-ju
Succeeded by Unknown
Supreme Commander of the
Korean People's Army
In office
24 December 1991 – 17 December 2011
Preceded by Kim Il-sung
Succeeded by Kim Jong-un
Personal details
Born Yuri Irsenovich Kim
(1941-02-16)16 February 1941
Vyatskoye, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union (Soviet records)
(1942-02-16)16 February 1942
Baekdu Mountain, Japanese Korea (North Korean biography)
Died 17 December 2011(2011-12-17) (aged 70)
Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
Resting place Kumsusan Palace of the Sun, Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
Political party Workers' Party of Korea
Spouse(s) Hong Il-chon (1966-1969)
Kim Young-sook (1974–2011)
Domestic partner Song Hye-rim (1968–2002)
Ko Yong-hui (1977–2004)
Kim Ok (2004–2011)
Children Kim Jong-nam (1971–2017)
Kim Sul-song (born 30 December 1974)
Kim Jong-chul (born 25 September 1981)
Kim Jong-un (born 8 January 1984)
Kim Yo-jong (born 26 September 1987)
Alma mater Mangyongdae Revolutionary School
Kim Il-sung University
Signature
Military service
Allegiance  North Korea
Service/branch Korean People's Army
Years of service 1991–2011
Rank Generalissimo rank insignia (North Korea).svg Taewonsu (대원수, roughly translated as Grand Marshal or Generalissimo)
Commands Supreme Commander
^ North Korean biographies, which claim his birth date as 16 February 1942, are generally not considered to be factually reliable. See below.
Kim Jong-il
Chosŏn'gŭl
Hancha
Revised Romanization Gim Jeongil
McCune–Reischauer Kim Chŏngil

Kim Jong-il (Korean pronunciation: [kim.dzʌŋ.il] or [kim] [tsʌŋ.il]; 16 February 1941/1942 – 17 December 2011) was the supreme leader of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), commonly referred to as North Korea, from 1994 to 2011. By the early 1980s Kim had become the heir apparent for the leadership of the country and assumed important posts in the party and army organs. He succeeded his father and founder of the DPRK, Kim Il-sung, following the elder Kim's death in 1994. Kim Jong-il was the General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea (WPK), Chairman of the National Defence Commission (NDC) of North Korea, and the Supreme Commander of the Korean People's Army (KPA), the fourth-largest standing army in the world. Kim's leadership is thought to have been even more authoritarian than his father's.

During Kim's regime, the country suffered from famine, partially due to economic mismanagement, and had a poor human rights record. Kim involved his country in state terrorism and strengthened the role of the military by his Songun, or "military-first", politics. Kim's rule also saw tentative economic reforms, including the opening of the Kaesong Industrial Park in 2003.


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