Khalkha Mongolian

The Khalkha dialect (Mongolian script: ᠬᠠᠯᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠣ Qalq-a ayalγu, Mongolian Cyrillic: Халх аялгуу Khalkh ayalguu, [ˈxɑɮxɑ ˈæjɑɮ.xuː]) is a dialect of Mongolian widely spoken in Mongolia and according to some classifications includes such South Mongolian varieties such as Shiliin gol, Ulaanchab and Sönid. As it was the basis for the Cyrillic orthography of Mongolian, it is de facto the national language of Mongolia. The name of the dialect is related to the name of the Khalkha tribe and the Khalkha river.

There are certain differences between normative and spoken Khalkha. For example, the normative language uses proximal demonstratives based on the stem ʉː/n- (except for the nominative in [i̠n] and the accusative which takes the stem ʉːn-) and thus exhibits the same developmental tendency as exhibited by Oirat. On the other hand, the spoken languages also makes use of paradigms that are based on the stems inʉːn- and inĕn-. This seems to agree with the use in Chakhar Mongolian. The same holds for the distal demonstrative /tir/.

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