Kari-Kari (caldera)
Coordinates: 19°40′S 65°40′W / 19.667°S 65.667°W
Kari-Kari is a Miocene caldera in the Potosi department, Bolivia. It is part of the El Fraile ignimbrite field of the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes. Volcanic activity in the Central Volcanic Zone has generated 44 volcanic centres with postglacial activity and a number of calderas, including the Altiplano-Puna volcanic complex.
Kari-Kari is a caldera whose dimensions are variously considered to be 12 by 32 kilometres (7.5 mi × 19.9 mi) or 15 by 20 kilometres (9.3 mi × 12.4 mi). After emplacement of the caldera, intrusive activity generated the Kari-Kari dome which was originally considered to be a batholith. Mineralization reactions have formed a number of mineral deposits at Cerro Rico and inside the caldera.
Kari-Kari is located close to Potosi, according to one reconstruction the city lies within the caldera. With an age of 21,000,000 years it is the oldest caldera structure that has been identified with unaided satellite imagery. It is part of the ignimbrite province of the Miocene Central Andes, which includes also the Altiplano-Puna volcanic complex with an estimated volume of 11,000–13,000 cubic kilometres (2,600–3,100 cu mi). Kari-Kari belongs to a more peraluminous domain of the ignimbrite provinces of the Central Andes, which also includes the Los Frailes ignimbrite field. Specifically, Kari-Kari is located in the Eastern Cordillera. Other ignimbrite fields north of 21° southern latitude are the Macusani (10,000,000–6,700,000 million years ago in Peru) and Morococala (~8,000,000–6,000,000 million years ago in Bolivia) fields. These ignimbrites are part of one domain of the Central Volcanic Zone, the other two domains are the principal andesitic volcanic arc and a scattered back-arc volcanic region. Volcanic activity within the Kari-Kari-Fraile region may be influenced by extensional tectonics.
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