Kampfgeschwader 54 | |
---|---|
Active | 1939–1945 |
Country | Nazi Germany |
Branch | Luftwaffe |
Type | Bomber Wing |
Role |
Air interdiction close air support Offensive counter air Maritime interdiction Strategic bombing |
Size | Air Force Wing |
Nickname(s) | Totenkopf (Death's Head) |
Engagements | World War II |
Insignia | |
Identification symbol |
Geschwaderkennung of B3 |
Kampfgeschwader 54 "Totenkopf"(German pronunciation: [ kampfɡəʃvaːdɐ fiːɐ ʊntfʏnftsɪç ]) (KG 54) was a Luftwaffe bomber wing during World War II. It served on nearly all the fronts in the European Theatre where the German Luftwaffe operated.
KG 54 was formed in May 1939. The bomber wing was equipped with two of the major German medium bomber types; the Heinkel He 111 and the Junkers Ju 88. It was given and insignia of a human skull, which was sometimes displayed on a shield-like device, but more often depicted over a normal camouflage pattern. It bore a strikingly close graphic resemblance to that of the 3rd SS Panzer Division, known as the "Death's Head Division". The Totenkopf motif was inspired by the Braunschweiger Black Hussars.
KG 54 began it's first campaign in September 1939 when German forces invaded Poland, which began World War II. It spent the Phoney War resting and refitting though it did carry out leaflet-dropping over France. In April 1940KG 54 briefly supported the Operation Weserübung, the invasions of Denmark and Norway. In May 1940KG 54 played a critical and controversial role in Fall Gelb, the German offensive into Western Europe. On 14 May 1940, as the Battle of the Netherlands reached a climax, KG 54 carried out the Rotterdam Blitz, which destroyed the centre of the city and killed many civilians. The attack played a role in the surrender of the Dutch Army. KG 54 continued to support German forces in the Battle of Belgium and Battle of France through to the surrender of the latter in June 1940.