Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park
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Honokōhau Settlement
Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park |
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Honokōhau Hālau
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| Location | Hawaii County, Hawaii, United States |
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| Nearest city | Kailua Kona, Hawaii |
| Coordinates | 19°40′43.32″N 156°01′19.20″W / 19.6787000°N 156.0220000°WCoordinates: 19°40′43.32″N 156°01′19.20″W / 19.6787000°N 156.0220000°W |
| Area | 1,161 acres (470 ha) |
| Architect | Unknown |
| Architectural style | Dry stack masonry |
| Visitation | 153,584 (2012) |
| Website | Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park |
| NRHP Reference # | 78003148 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | November 10, 1978 |
| Designated NHL | December 29, 1962 |
Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park is a United States National Historical Park located in the Kona District on the Big island of Hawaiʻi in the U.S. state of Hawaiʻi. It includes the National Historic Landmarked archaeological site known as the Honokōhau Settlement. The park was established on November 10, 1978, for the preservation, protection and interpretation of traditional native Hawaiian activities and culture.
Kaloko and Honokōhau are the names of two of the four different ahupuaʻa, or traditional mountain-to-sea land divisions encompassed by the park. Although in ancient times this arid area of lava rock was called kekaha ʻaʻole wai (lands without water), the abundant sea life attracted settlement for hundreds of years.
Kaloko (meaning "the pond" in the Hawaiian language) is a site of fishponds used in ancient Hawaii is on the North end of the park. The first reference to the pond comes from the story of Kamalalawalu, about 300 years ago. The kuapā (seawall) is over 30 feet wide and 6 feet high, stretching for 750 feet. Constructed by hand without mortar, the angle and gaps between the stones deflected the surf better than many modern concrete seawalls.
ʻAimakapā fishpond is an important wetland area protecting native birds including the koloa maoli (Hawaiian duck, Anas wyvilliana), ʻalae keʻokeʻo (Hawaiian coot, Fulica alai), āeʻo (Hawaiian stilt, Himantopus mexicanus knudseni), auʻkuʻu (black-crowned night heron, Nycticorax nycticorax), among others. The area is currently under reforestation, after the removal of non-native invasive plants. It was added to the Register of Historic Places in 1978 as site 78003148.
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