Kallara-Pangode Struggle

The Kallara-Pangode Struggle is one of the 39 agitations declared by the Government of India as the movements that led to the country gaining independence from the British rule. It is listed alongside some of the most important movements of Indian independence such as Quit India Movement, Khilafat Movement, Malabar Rebellion, the Ghaddar Movement and Hollwell Revolt Movement by Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose. It is ranked 26th among the 39 most revered movements that were part of Indian Independence Movement and culminated in the British rule ending over Indian territories in 1947.

Pangode and Kallara are adjoining villages 45 km northeast of the capital of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram. They had been in the attention of Travancore Royal Family and later that of the representatives of the British Raj because the area was known for spice such as pepper, ginger, areca nut and betel.

Kallara-Pangode Struggle took places as part of the Civil Disobedience Movement led by Mahatma Gandhi (M K Gandhi). People from the two villages who had moved to Thiruvananthapuram and other cities for education and trade, and people who had been in the Army, brought the messages of Gandhi to the villages in 1930s. This led to the people’s desire to have self-rule and the need to get rid of the British Raj. In addition, the oppressive rule of Diwan C. P. Ramaswami Iyer as the representative of the Viceroy of India, has accentuated the situation. Soon after his appointment as the Diwan in 1936, C. P. Ramaswami Iyer’s officers and secret police began enforcing stringent rules.

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