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Kahoʻolawe

Kahoʻolawe
Nickname: The Target Isle
KahoolaweLandsat.jpg
Landsat satellite image of Kaho‘olawe.
Map of Hawaii highlighting Kahoolawe.svg
Location in the State of Hawaii.
Geography
Location 20°33′N 156°36′W / 20.550°N 156.600°W / 20.550; -156.600
Area 44.59 sq mi (115.5 km2)
Area rank 8th largest Hawaiian Island
Highest elevation 1,483 ft (452 m)
Highest point Puʻu Moaulanui
on the crater rim of Lua Makika
Administration
United States
Symbols
Flower Hinahina kū kahakai (Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum)
Color ʻĀhinahina (gray)
Demographics
Population Uninhabited
Kahoolawe Island Archeological District
Kahoolawe is located in Hawaii
Kahoolawe
NRHP Reference # 81000205
Added to NRHP March 18, 1981

Kahoʻolawe (/kəˌh.əˈlɑːw/; Hawaiian: [kəˈhoʔoˈlɐve]) is the smallest of the eight main volcanic islands in the Hawaiian Archipelago. Kahoʻolawe is located about seven miles (11 km) southwest of Maui and also southeast of Lanai, and it is 11 mi (18 km) long by 6.0 mi (9.7 km) wide, with a total land area of 44.97 sq mi (116.47 km2). The highest point on Kahoʻolawe is the crater of Lua Makika at the summit of Puʻu Moaulanui, which is about 1,477 feet (450 m) above sea level. Kahoʻolawe is relatively dry (average annual rainfall is less than 65 cm or 26 in) because the island's low elevation fails to generate much orographic precipitation from the northeastern trade winds, and Kahoʻolave is located in the rain shadow of eastern Maui's 10,023-foot-high (3,055 m) volcano, Haleakalā. More than one quarter of Kahoʻolawe has been eroded down to saprolitic hardpan soil.

Kahoʻolawe has always been sparsely populated, due to its lack of fresh water. During World War II, Kahoʻolawe was used as a training ground and bombing range by the Armed Forces of the United States. After decades of protests, the U.S. Navy ended live-fire training exercises on Kahoʻolawe in 1990, and the whole island was transferred to the jurisdiction of the state of Hawaii in 1994. The Hawaii State Legislature established the Kahoolawe Island Reserve to restore and to oversee the island and its surrounding waters. Today Kahoʻolawe can be used only for native Hawaiian cultural, spiritual, and subsistence purposes.


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