Julius Jacob von Haynau
| Julius Jacob von Haynau | |
|---|---|
General von Haynau
|
|
| Nickname(s) | Habsburg Tiger |
| Born |
14 October 1786 Kassel, Hesse-Kassel |
| Died | 14 March 1853 (aged 66) Vienna, Austrian Empire |
| Allegiance |
 Austrian Empire
|
| Years of service | 1801–1850 |
| Rank | Field Marshal Lieutenant |
| Battles/wars |
Napoleonic Wars First Italian War of Independence Hungarian Revolution of 1848 |
Julius Jacob von Haynau (14 October 1786 – 14 March 1853) was an Austrian general who was prominent in suppressing insurrectionary movements in Italy and Hungary in 1848 and later. While a hugely effective military leader, he also gained renown as an aggressive and ruthless commander. His soldiers called him the "Habsburg Tiger"; those opponents who suffered from his brutality called him the "Hyena of Brescia" and the "Hangman of Arad."
Born in Kassel, Julius Jacob von Haynau was the illegitimate son of Rosa Dorothea Ritter, and William I (1743-1821), the landgrave (later elector) of Hesse-Kassel. He was born after his father's return with his wife and family to Hesse-Kassel after 20 years in Denmark. His father acknowledged this natural son, providing for his education and entry into the military officer corps as a cadet.
After several years of service in the Army, at nearly 22 years of age, on 11 October 1808 Haynau married Thérèse von Weber. She was the daughter of Field Marshal Lieutenant Weber. Her father was killed in action the next year at the Battle of Aspern-Essling during the Napoleonic Wars.
William and Thérèse had more than four decades of marriage together before her death in 1850. She was survived by her husband and only daughter, Clotilde (27 September 1809 – 25 November 1897).
In 1801, Haynau entered the Austrian army as an infantry officer cadet at the age of 15. He gained extensive experience as a soldier during the Napoleonic Wars. He was wounded at Wagram in 1809, which the French won in one of their most important battles of the wars.
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