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Julius II

Pope
Julius II
Bishop of Rome
Pope Julius II.jpg
Papacy began 1 November 1503
Papacy ended 21 February 1513
Predecessor Pius III
Successor Leo X
Orders
Ordination 1471
Consecration 1481
by Sixtus IV
Created Cardinal 15 December 1471
by Sixtus IV
Personal details
Birth name Giuliano della Rovere
Born (1443-12-05)5 December 1443
Albisola, Republic of Genoa
Died 21 February 1513(1513-02-21) (aged 69)
Rome, Papal States
Parents Rafaello della Rovere and Theodora Manerola
Children Felice della Rovere
Previous post Archbishop of Avignon (1474–1503)
Cardinal-bishop of Sabina (1479–1483)
Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals (1479)
Cardinal-bishop of Ostia (1483–1503)
Papal styles of
Pope Julius II
C o a popes Della Rovere.svg
Reference style His Holiness
Spoken style Your Holiness
Religious style Holy Father
Posthumous style None

Pope Julius II (Italian: Papa Giulio II; Latin: Iulius II) (5 December 1443 – 21 February 1513), nicknamed "The Fearsome Pope" and "The Warrior Pope", born Giuliano della Rovere, was Pope from 1 November 1503 to his death in 1513. His papacy was marked by an active foreign policy, ambitious building projects, and patronage for the arts—he commissioned the destruction and rebuilding of St. Peter's Basilica, plus Michelangelo's decoration of the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. In addition to an active military policy, he personally led troops into battle on at least two occasions.

There is disagreement about Julius's year of birth, for some sources put it as late as 1453. Giuliano della Rovere was the son of Rafaello della Rovere. Francesco della Rovere (later Pope Sixtus IV) was his uncle.

He was educated among the Franciscans by his uncle, who took him under his special charge and later sent him to a Franciscan friary in Perugia with the purpose of obtaining knowledge of the sciences. As Belford-Clarke's piratised Americanized [version of] Encyclopædia Britannica (1890) states, "He does not appear to have joined the order of St. Francis, but to have remained one of the secular clergy until his elevation in 1471 to be bishop of Carpentras [in France], shortly after his uncle succeeded to the papal chair."

After his uncle was elected Pope Sixtus IV, (as Belford-Clarke states) della Rovere "was promoted to be cardinal, taking the same title as that formerly held by his uncle, [Cardinal of] St. Peter ad Vincula. With his uncle [as Pope] he obtained very great influence, and in addition to the archbishopric of Avignon he held no fewer than eight bishoprics," including Lausanne from 1472, and Coutances from 1476. In June 1474, della Rovere led an army to Todi and Spoleto, and the Città di Castello.


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