Julian S. Schwinger

Julian Schwinger
Born	Julian Seymour Schwinger (1918-02-12)February 12, 1918 New York City, New York, USA
Died	July 16, 1994(1994-07-16) (aged 76) Los Angeles, California, USA
Nationality	United States
Fields	Physics
Institutions	University of California, Berkeley Purdue University Massachusetts Institute of Technology Harvard University University of California, Los Angeles
Alma mater	City College of New York Columbia University
Doctoral advisor	Isidor Isaac Rabi
Doctoral students	Roy Glauber Ben R. Mottelson Sheldon Lee Glashow Walter Kohn Bryce DeWitt Daniel Kleitman Sam Edwards Gordon Baym Lowell S. Brown Stanley Deser Lawrence Paul Horwitz Margaret G. Kivelson
Known for	Quantum electrodynamics Schwinger function Schwinger model Schwinger-Dyson equations Schwinger's quantum action principle Rarita-Schwinger action Lippmann-Schwinger equation Schwinger variational principle Schwinger parametrization Spin-statistics theorem Schwinger limit
Notable awards	Albert Einstein Award (1951) National Medal of Science (1964) Nobel Prize in Physics (1965)
Spouse	Clarice Carroll (1917-2011)

Julian Seymour Schwinger (February 12, 1918 – July 16, 1994) was a Nobel Prize winning American theoretical physicist. He is best known for his work on the theory of quantum electrodynamics (QED), in particular for developing a relativistically invariant perturbation theory, and for renormalizing QED to one loop order. Schwinger was a physics professor at several universities.

Schwinger is recognized as one of the greatest physicists of the twentieth century, responsible for much of modern quantum field theory, including a variational approach, and the equations of motion for quantum fields. He developed the first electroweak model, and the first example of confinement in 1+1 dimensions. He is responsible for the theory of multiple neutrinos, Schwinger terms, and the theory of the spin 3/2 field.

Julian Seymour Schwinger was born in New York City, to Jewish parents originally from Poland, Belle (née Rosenfeld) and Benjamin Schwinger, a garment manufacturer, who had migrated to America. Both his father and his mother's parents were prosperous clothing manufacturers, although the family business declined after the Wall Street Crash of 1929. The family followed the Orthodox Jewish tradition. He attended Townsend Harris High School and then the City College of New York as an undergraduate before transferring to Columbia University, where he received his B.A. in 1936 and his Ph.D. (overseen by Isidor Isaac Rabi) in 1939 at the age of 21. He worked at the University of California, Berkeley (under J. Robert Oppenheimer), and was later appointed to a position at Purdue University.

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