Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor
| Joseph I | |
|---|---|
Emperor Joseph I
(attributed to Johann Rudolf Huber, 1702) |
|
| King of Germany | |
| Reign | 23 January 1690 – 17 April 1711 |
| Coronation | 26 January 1690, Augsburg |
| Predecessor | Leopold I |
| Successor | Charles VI |
| King of Hungary | |
| Reign | 9 December 1687 – 17 April 1711 |
| Coronation | 9 December 1687, Pressburg |
| Predecessor | Leopold I |
| Successor | Charles VI |
| King of Bohemia | |
| Reign | 5 May 1705 – 17 April 1711 |
| Predecessor | Leopold I |
| Successor | Charles VI |
|
Holy Roman Emperor; Archduke of Austria; King of Croatia |
|
| Reign | 5 May 1705 – 17 April 1711 |
| Predecessor | Leopold I |
| Successor | Charles VI |
| Born |
26 July 1678 Vienna, Austria |
| Died | 17 April 1711 (aged 32) Vienna, Austria |
| Burial | Imperial Crypt, Vienna |
| Spouse | Wilhelmine Amalia of Brunswick-Lüneburg |
| Issue |
Maria Josepha, Queen of Poland Archduke Leopold Joseph Maria Amalia, Holy Roman Empress |
| House | House of Habsburg |
| Father | Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor |
| Mother | Eleonore-Magdalena of Neuburg |
| Religion | Roman Catholicism |
Joseph I (26 July 1678 – 17 April 1711) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1705 until his death in 1711. He was the eldest son of Emperor Leopold I from his third wife, Eleonor Magdalene of Neuburg. Joseph was crowned King of Hungary at the age of nine in 1687, and King in Germany at the age of eleven in 1690. He succeeded to the imperial throne and that of Bohemia when his father died.
Joseph continued the War of the Spanish Succession, begun by his father, against Louis XIV of France, in a fruitless attempt to make his younger brother Charles (later Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor) King of Spain; in the process, however, owing to the victories won by his military commander, Prince Eugene of Savoy, he did succeed in establishing Austrian hegemony over Italy. Joseph also had to contend with a protracted revolt in Hungary, fomented by Louis XIV. Neither conflict was resolved until after his death.
His motto was Amore et Timore (Latin for "Through Love and Fear").
Born in Vienna, he was educated strictly by Prince Dietrich Otto von Salm and became a good linguist. Although the first son and child born of his parents' marriage, he was his father's third son and seventh child. Previously, Leopold had been married to Infanta Margaret Theresa of Spain, who had given him four children, one of whom survived infancy. Then, he married Claudia Felicitas of Austria, heiress of Tyrol, who gave him two short-lived daughters. Thus, Joseph had six half-siblings. In 1684, the six-year-old Archduke had his first portrait painted by Benjamin von Block. At the age of nine, on 9 December 1687, he was crowned King of Hungary; and at the age of eleven, on 23 January 1690, King of the Romans. Unlike many of his relatives, although a Roman Catholic, Joseph was not one for religion. The cause of this may be that he was spared a strict religious upbringing. He had two great enthusiasms: music and hunting.
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