José de Salamanca, 1st Count of los Llanos
| José de Salamanca | |||||
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| 1st Marquess of Salamanca, 1st Count of los Llanos | |||||
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| Born |
May 23, 1811 Málaga, Spain |
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| Died | January 21, 1883 Madrid, Spain |
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| Full name | |
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| José María de Salamanca y Mayol |
José de Salamanca y Mayol, 1st Marquis of Salamanca and Grandee of Spain (23 May 1811, Málaga – 21 January 1883, Madrid) was a Spanish nobleman, politician and businessman. He served as Finance Minister of Spain and briefly as de facto prime minister in 1847.
Prominent during the reign of Isabella II, he was responsible for an extension to the city of Madrid; the Salamanca neighborhood of that city now bears his name. He had an adventurous life with many ups and downs. At one time he probably had the largest fortune in Spain. His prominent associates included Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies, queen mother and regent for the young Queen Isabella. As a businessman, he undertook many projects that shaped modern Spain: railways, construction of entire neighborhoods, banking and investments; at the same time, he was associated with no small amount of political and corporate corruption.
Salamanca studied philosophy and law at the Colegio de San Bartolomé y Santiago in Granada, finishing his studies in 1828. It was probably in Granada that he first met groups opposed to the absolutist regime of Ferdinand VII, including Mariana Pineda, who became a martyr for the Spanish liberals when she was tried and condemned to death in 1831.
Shortly after his return to his native Málaga, the liberal general José María Torrijos was detained for an attempted coup. Salamanca was probably involved in the coup; he went to Madrid in an unsuccessful attempt to seek a royal pardon for Torrijos. His revolutionary ardor was calmed for a time and, thanks to his father's friendship with Cea Bermúdez, the President of the Council of Ministers (effectively, prime minister), he was made mayor of Monóvar, (province of Alicante) in 1833.
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