José María Velasco Ibarra
| José María Velasco Ibarra | |
|---|---|
 |
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| President of Ecuador | |
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In office September 1, 1934 – August 21, 1935 |
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| Preceded by | Abelardo Montalvo |
| Succeeded by | Antonio Pons |
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In office June 1, 1944 – August 23, 1947 |
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| Vice President | Mariano Suárez Veintimilla |
| Preceded by | Carlos Alberto Arroyo del Río |
| Succeeded by | Carlos Mancheno Cajas |
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In office September 1, 1952 – August 31, 1956 |
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| Vice President | Alfredo Chiriboga |
| Preceded by | Galo Plaza Lasso |
| Succeeded by | Camilo Ponce Enríquez |
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In office September 1, 1960 – November 7, 1961 |
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| Vice President | Carlos Julio Arosemena Monroy |
| Preceded by | Camilo Ponce Enríquez |
| Succeeded by | Carlos Julio Arosemena Monroy |
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In office September 1, 1968 – February 15, 1972 |
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| Vice President | Jorge Zavala Baquerizo |
| Preceded by | Otto Arosemena Gómez |
| Succeeded by | Guillermo Rodríguez Lara |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
José María Velasco Ibarra March 19, 1893 Quito, Ecuador |
| Died | March 30, 1979 (aged 86) Quito, Ecuador |
| Political party | Conservative |
| Spouse(s) | Corina Parral de Velasco Ibarra (1905–1979) |
| Alma mater | Central University of Ecuador |
| Religion | Roman Catholic |
| Signature |  |
José María Velasco Ibarra (March 19, 1893 – March 30, 1979) was an Ecuadorian politician. He was elected five times to the post of president of Ecuador: 1934–1935, 1944–1947, 1952–1956, 1960–1961, and 1968–1972. But only once (1952–1956) did he complete the constitutional mandate.
Velasco Ibarra was born on March 19, 1893 in Quito. His parents were Delia Ibarra and Alejandrino Velasco, a civil engineer. His father was a political activist in the conservative party during the dictatorship installed by the liberal revolution. He was home schooled by his mother. His father died when he was 16. He attended high school at Colegio San Gabriel and obtained a JD (Doctorate in Jurisprudence) from the Central University of Ecuador. As an author he published several books, including Conciencia y Barbarie, and was also a columnist for El Comercio.
His first public post was in Quito's Municipal Government, where he supervised works and visited communities. His political career began when he was named a Deputy of the Republic. He was elected as Vice President of the Chamber of Deputies and several days later, President of the Chamber.
In 1933, he stood in the Ecuadorian presidential election and received 80% of the votes cast, the highest in Ecuadorian history. Velasco Ibarra traveled through several Latin American countries, including Peru, and restored Ecuador's global image. His first presidency began on September 1, 1934, but he was ousted in August 1935 by the military. He went into exile in Colombia, where he worked in the Santander School in Sevilla, which was named the best school in Colombia. Later, he traveled to Buenos Aires, where he worked as a university professor.
He stood again in the 1940 election and was defeated by the Radical Liberal Party candidate Carlos Arroyo del Río by a small margin. Arroyo del Río lacked Velasco Ibarra's popularity and public support, which indicated that there had been a fraud. Velasco Ibarra plotted a coup d'état with pilots from the Salinas Air Force base. Before executing his plan, he was detained and exiled again.
In May 1944, because of the May 28 "Glorious Revolution", he was named Supreme Chief of the Republic and was later named Constitutional President by the Constituent Assembly. In August 1947, he was again deposed by the military. Three defense ministers perpetuated the coup against Velasco Ibarra; among them was minister Mancheno, who later was his successor.
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