José Manuel Marroquín
| José Manuel Marroquín | |
|---|---|
Woodcut image of José Manuel Marroquín
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| 4th President of Colombia | |
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In office July 31, 1900 – August 7, 1904 |
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| Preceded by | Manuel Antonio Sanclemente |
| Succeeded by | Rafael Reyes |
| 3rd Vice President of Colombia | |
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In office August 7, 1898 – July 31, 1900 |
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| President | Manuel Antonio Sanclemente |
| Preceded by | Miguel Antonio Caro |
| Succeeded by | Ramón González Valencia |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
José Manuel Marroquín Ricaurte August 6, 1827 Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Colombia |
| Died | September 19, 1908 (aged 81) Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Colombia |
| Nationality | Colombian |
| Political party | Conservative |
| Spouse(s) | Matilde Osorio Ricaurte |
| Alma mater | Colegio de San Bartolomé |
| Occupation | Farmer (planter), writer, educator, politician |
| Profession | Lawyer |
| Religion | Roman Catholic |
Jose Manuel Cayetano Marroquín Ricaurte (August 6, 1827 – September 19, 1908) was a Colombian political figure and the 27th President of Colombia.
José Manuel Marroquín was born in Bogotá, on August 6, 1827. He died in the same city on September 19, 1908.
Marroquín studied literature and philosophy at the Seminary of Bogotá. He went on to study jurisprudence at the Colegio Mayor de San Bartolomé.
Marroquín became a professor of literature and philosophy at the Colegio Mayor del Rosario, where he eventually was appointed as Rector. Later, he was also co-founder of the Academia Colombiana de la Lengua along with Miguel Antonio Caro and José María Vergara. He was elected as the first Rector of the Academy. As writer, philosopher, poet and scholar he wrote several novels, poems, stories, essays and text books in grammar, philology and orthography.
Marroquín joined the Colombian Conservative Party and was elected to the House of Representatives and the Senate. He was also appointed as Minister of Education. He was elected as vice-president of the Republic of Colombia in 1898 and later elected as president in 1900 and served until 1904.
Marroquín was President twice. The first time, as acting President on August 7, 1898, when president elect Manuel Antonio Sanclemente was unable to attend his inauguration due to his poor health. The second time, on July 31, 1900, by default, when President Sanclemente was deposed by a civil-military coup d’état. The nationalist conservative army echelon, in light of the demanding responsibilities of the civil war known as the Thousand Days War, had approved and supported the coup d’état.
In an effort to end the civil war, President Marroquín offered the liberals a truce and armistice on June 12, 1902. The liberals rejected his offer, and the war intensified. After three years of bloody battles the war came to an end. Three peace treaties were signed. The first one was the Treaty of "Nerlandia", on October 24, 1902, which brought to an end the fighting in the provinces of Bolívar and Magdalena, signed by General Juan B. Tovar for the government and General Rafael Uribe Uribe as Commander in Chief of the insurrectionists.
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