Jordanian Levantine

Jordanian Arabic is a continuum of mutually intelligible varieties of Levantine Arabic spoken by the population of the Kingdom of Jordan. Jordanian Arabic varieties are Semitic, with lexical influences from English, Turkish and French. They are spoken by more than 6 million people, and understood throughout the Levant and, to various extents, in other Arabic-speaking regions. As in all Arab countries, language use in Jordan is characterized by diglossia; Modern Standard Arabic is the official language used in most written documents and the media, while daily conversation is conducted in the local colloquial varieties.

Although there is a common Jordanian dialect mutually understood by most Jordanians, the daily language spoken throughout the country varies significantly through regions and socio-economical origin. These variants impact altogether pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary.

Jordanian Arabic falls into three varieties

Is spoken by Jordanian villagers and the small-city or village-born city dwellers. There are two sub-types of Rural Jordanian:

Bedouin Jordanian is spoken by Jordanian Bedouins mostly in the desert east of the Jordanian mountains and high plateau, and belongs to the Bedawi Arabic. Although being that of the royal family, this dialect is not widely used in the urban and rural regions. It is often considered as truer to the Arabic language, but this is a subjective view that shows no linguistic evidence. Note that rural Jordanian is also spoken in small towns and most of the villages in the Badia region east of Jordan's mountain heights plateau, such as Al-Azraq oasis.

This variety was born after the designation of Amman as capital of the Jordanian kingdom early in the 20th century. It is the result of the merger of the language of populations who moved from Hauran (northern Jordan), Moab (southern Jordan) and later on Palestine into the revived city. For this reason, it mixes features of the Arabic varieties spoken by these populations. The emergence of the language occurred under the strong influence of the rural Jordanian Hauran dialect. It is now driven by the influence of the urban Levantine Arabic koiné. As in many countries English is being used to substitute many technical words, even though these words have Arabic counterparts in modern standard Arabic. Urban Jordanian has been largely influenced by the Palestinians refugees who moved to Jordan in 1948 and 1967 following the displacement of the Palestinian population.

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