Before he became a major leaguer, he played in the 2003 and 2004 Little League World Series for Curaçao. Schoop was signed by the Baltimore Orioles as a free agent in 2008. In 2011, Schoop along with Manny Machado represented the Orioles at the 2011 All-Star Futures Game. He was awarded the Brooks Robinson Minor League Player of the Year, given to the best player in the Orioles minor league system. During his minor league career, Schoop was primarily a shortstop.

Schoop played for the Netherlands national baseball team at the 2012 European Baseball Championship.

Prior to the 2012 season, Schoop was ranked by Baseball America as the Orioles third best prospect and the 82nd best overall.

Schoop was recalled by the Orioles from the Triple-A Norfolk Tides on September 3, 2013.

In his first major league at-bat on September 25, 2013, Schoop hit a single off Toronto Blue Jays pitcher Esmil Rogers. Two at-bats later, he hit his first career home run off Kyle Drabek, with a distance measured at 430 feet. He finished the game 2-for-3 with a home run, an RBI, a walk, and 3 runs scored. In 5 Major League games, Schoop finished the year with 4 hits, a home run and an RBI.

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