John Tuzo Wilson

John ('Jock') Tuzo Wilson
John Tuzo Wilson in 1992
Born	(1908-10-24)October 24, 1908 Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Died	April 15, 1993(1993-04-15) (aged 84) Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Nationality	Canadian
Fields	Geophysics & Geology
Institutions	University of Toronto
Alma mater	University of Toronto University of Cambridge Princeton University
Doctoral advisor	Harry Hammond Hess
Doctoral students	Harold Williams
Known for	Theory of Plate tectonics
Notable awards	Officer, Order of Canada Companion, Order of Canada Fellow, Royal Society of Canada Fellow, Royal Society of London Fellow, Royal Society of Edinburgh Legion of Merit Order of the British Empire Ewing Medal, AGU Bucher Medal, AGU Penrose Medal, GSA Wegener Medal, EUG Wollaston Medal, Geological Society Vetlesen Prize, Columbia University Canada Centennial Medal 125th Anniversary Medal (Canada) John J. Carty Award (1975)
Notes

John Tuzo Wilson, CC, OBE, FRS,FRSC, FRSE (October 24, 1908 – April 15, 1993) was a Canadian geophysicist and geologist who achieved worldwide acclaim for his contributions to the theory of plate tectonics.

Plate tectonics is the idea that the rigid outer layers of the Earth (crust and part of the upper mantle), the lithosphere, are broken up into numerous pieces or "plates" that move independently over the weaker asthenosphere. Wilson maintained that the Hawaiian Islands were created as a tectonic plate (extending across much of the Pacific Ocean) shifted to the northwest over a fixed hotspot, spawning a long series of volcanoes. He also conceived of the transform fault, a major plate boundary where two plates move past each other horizontally (e.g., the San Andreas Fault). His name was given to two young Canadian submarine volcanoes called the Tuzo Wilson Seamounts. The Wilson cycle of seabed expansion and contraction (also called the Supercontinent cycle) bears his name.

Wilson's father was of Scottish descent and his mother was a third-generation Canadian of French descent. He was born in Ottawa, Ontario. He became one of the first people in Canada to receive a degree in geophysics, graduating from Trinity College at the University of Toronto in 1930. He obtained various other related degrees from St. John's College, Cambridge. His academic years culminated in his obtaining a doctorate in geology in 1936 from Princeton University. After completing his studies, Wilson enlisted in the Canadian Army and served in World War II. He retired from the army with the rank of Colonel.