John R. Swanton

John Reed Swanton (February 19, 1873 – May 2, 1958) was an American anthropologist, folklorist, and linguist who worked with Native American peoples throughout the United States. Swanton achieved recognition in the fields of ethnology and ethnohistory. He is particularly noted for his work with indigenous peoples of the Southeast and Pacific Northwest.

Born in Gardiner, Maine, Swanton attended local schools and then entered Harvard University. He earned a Masters in 1897 and a doctorate in 1900. His mentor at Harvard was Frederic Ward Putnam. He studied linguistics with Franz Boas at Columbia University in 1898 and 1899.

Following his education, Swanton first did fieldwork in the Northwest. In his early career, he worked mostly with the Tlingit and Haida. He produced two extensive compilations of Haida stories and myths, and transcribed many of them into Haida. These transcriptions have served as the basis for Robert Bringhurst's recent (1999) translation of the poetry of Haida mythtellers Skaay and Gandl. Swanton spent roughly a year with the Haida.

He began working for the Bureau of American Ethnology of the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, DC. He worked with them for the rest of his career, almost 40 years. Another major study area was of the Muskogean-speaking peoples in Texas, Louisiana, and Oklahoma. Swanton published extensively on the Creek people, Chickasaw, and Choctaw. He also documented analyses about many other less well-known groups, such as the Biloxi and Ofo. He worked with Natchez speaker Watt Sam and argued in favor of including the Natchez language with the Muskogean language group.

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