John M. Woolsey

John Munro Woolsey (January 3, 1877 – May 4, 1945) was a United States federal judge in New York City, known "for his brilliant and poignantly phrased decisions", including several important precedents in First Amendment jurisprudence.

Born in Aiken, South Carolina to William Walton Woolsey and Katherine Buckingham Convers Woolsey, Woolsey attended private school in Englewood, New Jersey and Phillips Academy. He then received an A.B. from Yale University in 1898. He was awarded an LL.B. from Columbia Law School in 1901, where he was a founder of the Columbia Law Review.

Woolsey continued his affiliation with Columbia after receiving his degree, teaching equity and serving as a member and chairman of the law school's Board of Visitors. He also served Harvard Law School on its Advisory Commission on Research in International Law. In private practice from 1901 until 1929, John Woolsey was admiralty counsel to the French High Commission in New York City, and a member of a New York admiralty firm from 1920 until his appointment to the bench.

On February 28, 1929, Woolsey was nominated by President Calvin Coolidge to a new seat on the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. He was not confirmed by the Senate, but after renomination by Coolidge's successor Herbert Hoover, was confirmed on April 29, 1929.

Judge Woolsey had a number of important decisions on freedom of expression. In United States v. One Obscene Book Entitled "Married Love" he found that a work by a physician on enhancing marital sexual relations was not obscene. In a similar case, United States v. One Book Entitled "Contraception", he held that a book containing information on birth control was not obscene or immoral, and therefore not subject to confiscation.

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