John Charnley
| John Charnley | |
|---|---|
| Born | 29 August 1911 Bury in Lancashire |
| Died | 5 August 1982 (aged 70) Manchester |
| Nationality | British |
| Fields | Orthopaedic surgeon |
| Alma mater | Victoria University of Manchester |
| Known for | Hip replacement |
| Notable awards |
Gairdner Foundation International Award (1973) Lasker-DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award (1974) Lister Medal (1975) Albert Medal (1978) Fellow of the Royal Society |
Sir John Charnley, CBE, FRS (29 August 1911 – 5 August 1982) was a British orthopaedic surgeon. He pioneered the hip replacement operation, which is now one of the most common operations both in the UK and elsewhere in the world, and created the "Wrightington centre for hip surgery". He also demonstrated the fundamental importance of bony compression in operations to arthrodese (fuse) joints, in particular the knee, ankle and shoulder.
Charnley also influenced generations of orthopaedic surgeons through his textbook on conservative fracture treatment which was first published in 1950.
John Charnley was born in Bury, in Lancashire, on 29 August 1911.
His father, Arthur Walker Charnley, was a chemist and had a chemist's shop at 25 Princess Street; his mother, Lily, had trained as a nurse at Crumpsall Hospital. He also had a younger sister, Mary Clare.
John went to the Bury Grammar Junior School in 1919, moving on to the Senior school in 1922. He had a scientific aptitude and was encouraged to study chemistry and physics.
In the autumn of 1929 he gained admission to the Medical School of the Victoria University of Manchester, from where he graduated with a Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery and Bachelor of Science (Anatomy and Physiology) in 1935.
From 15 August 1935, Charnley was appointed a House Surgeon at the Central Branch of Manchester Royal Infirmary in Roby Street, and after three months he went to the main Infirmary where he completed his year as House Surgeon.
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